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Williams testified that he had experience in manufacturing or putting<br />
toge<strong>the</strong>r urea nitrate. He fur<strong>the</strong>r testified that in manufacturing <strong>the</strong> urea<br />
nitrate I actually used two formulas that were removed from one of <strong>the</strong><br />
blue manuals. (The blue manuals were manuals in Arabic and English for<br />
home-made bomb-making.) Williams fur<strong>the</strong>r testified that <strong>the</strong> formula<br />
recommends that you mix <strong>the</strong> urea to <strong>the</strong> nitric acid in a one-to-one<br />
range;. . .[i]t suggests that you mix by amount 60 parts of urea to 63 parts<br />
nitric acid. He fur<strong>the</strong>r testified, When I made a large quantity of urea<br />
nitrate in <strong>the</strong> large plastic tubs, it was very heavy. On both direct and<br />
cross examination, Williams used both <strong>the</strong> first person, singular pronoun<br />
I and <strong>the</strong> first person, plural pronoun we to describe who made <strong>the</strong> urea<br />
nitrate.<br />
On cross-examination he testified:<br />
Q. You reproduced an explosion using <strong>the</strong> same<br />
chemicals and <strong>the</strong> formulas that was in <strong>the</strong> book?<br />
A. Yes, I did.<br />
Q. When did you do that?<br />
A. In <strong>the</strong> early part of <strong>the</strong> spring and summer, we<br />
started by making small batches of urea nitrate. And<br />
<strong>the</strong>n in August, I made approximately 1,300 pounds of<br />
urea nitrate in Florida.<br />
When asked whe<strong>the</strong>r he concocted a bomb with some of <strong>the</strong> urea seized<br />
in <strong>the</strong> searches, Williams responded: I did. In <strong>the</strong> early tests in <strong>the</strong><br />
summer, I used some of <strong>the</strong> urea from Mallory [<strong>the</strong> location of one of <strong>the</strong><br />
searches] and made small one-pound bombs of urea nitrate and<br />
detonated it.<br />
Williams fur<strong>the</strong>r testified to <strong>the</strong> production of urea nitrate at <strong>the</strong> Eglin Air<br />
Force Base in Florida in August 1993. When asked why he used an<br />
outdoor laboratory <strong>the</strong>re, he stated, I didn't want to have any of <strong>the</strong> fumes