Pro S. Roscio Amerino

84 CICERO : PRO KOSCIO. [CH. XIII.
13. quo : B(s. dicto. vidit : " has experienced."
15. perdiderit . . . adflixerit : the perfect subjunctive, though a
primary tense, is often in consecutive clauses used (as equivalent to
an aorist) in dependence on a historic principal verb. The perfect
subjunctive thus used states an actual result rather than a natural
consequence. quos . . . ab eis : quos refers to the whole citizen
body, ab iis to a part only of that body, viz. the Marian faction.
Scaevola, in trying to save citizens,
citizens.
16. estne : = nonne est.
fell a vietim to the fury of
17. hoc : i.e. quod nuncfit a Chrysogono (see line 20).
19. in Scaevola : " in the case of a Scaevola."
22. defensionis : objective genitive with indigeat. indigeat : consecutive
subjunctive. locus : "topic."
25. quae res totum iudicium contineat : "the motive of the
whole ease." contineat : subjunctive in an indirect question.
27. sequi : see note on 3, 8.
XIII., §§ 35-.38. Argument.—/ will deal first with the actual
charge hrought hy Erucius,— the dread/ul charge ofi parricide, fior
which no punishment is severe enough. A man loho would conimit
it must surely he a recidess villain. But you have never hinted that
Roscius is one.
Ch. XIII.— 3. accusator Erucius : cp. accusatorem veterem, 10, 16.
Erucius was a professional accuser for whom it was "all in the
day's work " to fabricate a charge.
4. audaciae : genitive of definition or that in which a thing consists.
partes : "therole."
5. potentia : (instrumental) ablative of means.
7. quid igitur est?: " how shall I proceed?" This refers to
dicere oporttre intdlego. Cicero qualifies his general statement in
the light of the actual facts of the case. eodem modo : i.e. with
equal fulness. de omnibus : sc. me dicere oportet.
10. diluam : = dissolvam, infirmem ; the subjunctive is jussive,
in semi-dependence on oportet.
12. primo quoque tempore : " at the earliest opportunity " " ; the
sooner the better."
16. complexa : perfect participle of a deponent verb, used in a
passive sense. videantur : sub j unctive in conseeutive relati ve clause
quo = ut eo.
17. sapientilaas : "philo.sophers." vultu : "merely Dy a look."
18. pietas : pietas is " dutiful conduct," shown towards_ one's
parents (as here), the gods, one's country {pietas erga patriam =
" patriotism "), or one's dependents.
19. mori ipsum : = mortem ipsam oppetere, " to face death itself "
the infinitive is here used as a substantive.
20. cogebant : verbs implying duty, possibility, necessity, etc,
are in the apodosis of conditional sentences used in a past tense of
;