Natural Enemies of True Fruit Flies (Tephritidae) - USDA - aphis
Natural Enemies of True Fruit Flies (Tephritidae) - USDA - aphis
Natural Enemies of True Fruit Flies (Tephritidae) - USDA - aphis
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Jeffrey N. L. Stibick<br />
Parasites and Predators <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Tephritidae</strong> - Table 2<br />
Species Parasites/Predators Notes<br />
Carpomya<br />
vesuviana<br />
(Cont.)<br />
Carpophthoromyi<br />
a tritea<br />
Fopius arisanus<br />
(=Biosteres arisanus)<br />
A Braconid egg-larval parasite from the Indo-Australian Region (Wharton &<br />
Gilstrap, 1983; Quimio & Walter, 2001; Chinajariyawong, et al., 2000).<br />
Biosteres carpomyiae A Braconid larval parasite from India that attacks when the larvae respire at<br />
the fruit surface (Wharton &Gilstrap, 1983; Thompson, 1943; Narayanan &<br />
Chawla, 1962; Singh, 1989) introduced to Iran (Farrar & Chow, 2000).<br />
Fopius (= Biosteres)<br />
vandenboschi<br />
A Braconid 1st stage larval parasite from SE Asia, est. in Hawaii (Wharton &<br />
Gilstrap, 1983; Kapoor, 1993). From the Indian desert (Singh, 1989). From<br />
Thailand (Chinajariyawong, et al., 2000).<br />
Opius incisi A Braconid egg-larval parasite from SE Asia, est. in Hawaii (Wharton &<br />
Gilstrap, 1983).<br />
Opius makii A Braconid parasite from SE Asia (Wharton & Gilstrap, 1983).<br />
Microbracon fletcheri A Braconid larval parasite which pupates outside the fruit pulp, from India<br />
(Thompson, 1943; Narayanan & Chawla 1962; Singh, 1989).<br />
Microbracon lefroyi A Braconid parasite from India (Thompson, 1943).<br />
Omphale sp.= A Eulophid parasite from India (Narayanan & Chawla, 1962).<br />
Diachasmimorpha<br />
longicaudata<br />
A Braconid parasite from Thailand (Chinajariyawong, et al., 2000).<br />
Psyttalia makii A Braconid parasite from Thailand (Chinajariyawong, et al., 2000).<br />
Psyttalia sp. nr makii A Braconid parasite fromThailand (Chinajariyawong, et al., 2000).<br />
Utetes bianchii A Braconid parasite from Thailand (Chinajariyawong, et al., 2000).<br />
Biosteres caudatus A Braconid parasite from Africa (Wharton & Gilstrap, 1983).<br />
Biosteres fullawayi A Braconid parasite from Africa and widely spread to Hawaii, Spain, Puerto<br />
Rico, Australia (Wnarton & Gilstrap, 1983).<br />
Opius inconsuetus A Braconid parasite from Nigeria, est in Hawaii (?) (Wharton & Gilstrap,<br />
1983).<br />
Ceratitis spp. Biosteres sp. A Braconid parasite from Tanganyika (Thompson, 1943).<br />
Dirhinus ehrhorni A Chalcid parasite from S. Nigeria (Thompson, 1943)<br />
Dirhinus giffardii A Chalcid parasite from S. Nigeria (Thompson, 1943).<br />
Eupelmus sp. An Eupelmid parasite from Tanganyika (Thompson, 1943).<br />
Hedylus desideratus A Braconid parasite from Nigeria (Thompson, 1943; Narayanan & Chawla,<br />
1962).<br />
Isurgus sp. An Ichneumonid parasite from Tanganyika (Thompson, 1943.<br />
Microbracon sp. A Braconid parasite from Tanganyika (Thompson, 1943).<br />
Opius sp. A Braconid parasite from Tanganyika (Thompson, 1943).<br />
Sphegigaster sp. A Pteromalid species from Tanganyika (Thompson, 1943).<br />
Hedylus clypeatus A Braconid larval parasite (Narayanan & Chawla, 1962).<br />
Pachycrepoideus<br />
dubius<br />
A Pteromalid parasite (Narayanan & Chawla, 1962).<br />
Spalangia afra A Pteromalid parasite from East Africa (Narayanan & Chawla, 1962).<br />
Pheidole<br />
megacephala<br />
A cosmopolitan Formicid predator (Narayanan & Chawla, 1962).<br />
3-46 <strong>Natural</strong> <strong>Enemies</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>True</strong> <strong>Fruit</strong> <strong>Flies</strong> 02/2004-01<br />
PPQ
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