Natural Enemies of True Fruit Flies (Tephritidae) - USDA - aphis

Anastrepha
obliqua
Bacillus
thuringiensis, a
gram-positive,
spore-forming soil
bacterium fed to
larvae & adults.
Paratransgenesis
in which genes
and proteins of
selected species
of the microbial
fauna of Mexfly
guts are altered,
and fed to adults.
Beauveria
bassiana, a
fungus, fed to
larvae and adults.
Jeffrey N. L. Stibick
Microorganisms/Microbial Toxins Used Against the Tephritidae - Table 1
Species Biological Mode Product Specif ics
Anastrepha
obliqua (Cont.)
Anastrepha
serpentina
Anastrepha
suspensa
Agent: beta exotoxin toxic towards 3rd
instar larvae
Exposed in lab only (Toledo, et al,
1999)
Stablility of pZeoEGFP, a plasmid. Stability suggests that derivatives of
this plasmid could serve to introduce
heterologous genes and proteins,
that, when ingested by adults, such
proteins/products would be delivered
directly to the gut of host flies. If
toxic, this would serve to control fly
populations. If nutrition is enhanced,
they could improve vigor of colony
flies for SIT (Peloquin, et al., 2000;
Kuzina, et al., 2001).
An entomopathogenic soil-borne fungus
that attacks many different insects and
exists in many different strains.
Airborne conidia An unidentified fungus in the
Entomophthorales
Through adult
consumption
Bacillus
thuringiensis, a
gram-positive,
spore-forming soil
bacterium fed to
larvae & adults.
Bacillus
thuringiensis, a
gram-positive,
spore-forming soil
bacterium fed to
larvae & adults.
Plant growth
regulator
Agent:Phloxine B-Mazoferm 802
formulation for field application
Mazoferm 802 - corn condensate
hydrolyzed by a Lactobacillus sp.
Phloxine B - photoactive dye used in
formulations of foods or
pharmaceuticals and cosmetics
Agent: beta exotoxin toxic towards 3rd
instar larvae
Agent: beta exotoxin toxic towards 3rd
instar larvae
A hormone from the fungus Gibberella
fujikuroi, gibberellic acid (GA 3) + a
surfactant (L-77) Commercial
formulations available
In Laboratory, most toxic to adults @
rates ranging from 98 to 100%.
Larvae were affected @ rates ranging
from 2 to 8%. Doses ranged from
1.0 x 10 8 to 1.6 x 10 8 (Rosa, 2002).
Capable of wiping out laboratory
populations via airborne conidia
(Baker, et al., 1944).
In field trials, aerial application
reduced the population of medfly by
70% against the control catch
(Moreno, et al., 2001)
Exposed in lab only (Toledo, et al,
1999)
Exposed in lab only (Toledo, et al,
1999)
Reduces host susceptibility/
attractiveness to fruit flies by
preventing aging of the peel
(yellowing)
10 ppm GA3 /L-77 sprayed to run-off
on fruit (Greany et al, 1991)
02/2004-01 Natural Enemies of True Fruit Flies 3-5
PPQ