Natural Enemies of True Fruit Flies (Tephritidae) - USDA - aphis
Natural Enemies of True Fruit Flies (Tephritidae) - USDA - aphis
Natural Enemies of True Fruit Flies (Tephritidae) - USDA - aphis
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Jeffrey N. L. Stibick<br />
Parasites and Predators <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Tephritidae</strong> - Table 2<br />
Species Parasites/Predators Notes<br />
Eucoila sp. A Cynipid parasite from Mauritius (Orian & Moutia, 1960).<br />
Isurgus sp. An Ichneumonid parasite from Africa (Narayanan & Chawla, 1962).<br />
Aphaereta minuta A Braconid larval-pupal parasite (Narayanan & Chawla, 1962).<br />
Opius fletcheri A Braconid larval-pupal parasite (Narayanan & Chawla, 1962).<br />
Trybliographa sp. A Cynipid entoparasitoid from Malaya (Narayanan & Chawla, 1962).<br />
Trybliographa daci A Cynipid endoparasitoid from Pakistan, also parasitizing Dacus dorsalis<br />
(Cals-Usciati, et al., 1985)<br />
Spalangia<br />
philippinensis<br />
A Pteromalid pupal parasite est. in Hawaii (Narayanan & Chawla, 1962).<br />
Sphegigaster sp. A Pteromalid parasite (Narayanan & Chawla, 1962).<br />
Belonuchus<br />
A Staphylinid larval predator from Brazil, reared ex lab (in bitter orange) in<br />
rufipennis<br />
Italy (Narayanan & Chawla, 1962).<br />
Doryctobracon A Braconid parasite from Venezuela (Katiyar, et al., 1995) from Guatemala<br />
crawfordi<br />
(Ovruski, et al., 2000)<br />
Opius incisi A Braconid larval parasite found ex Medfly in Hawaii (Clancy, 1952).<br />
Pheidole<br />
An ant (Formicidae) predator, which kills large numbers <strong>of</strong> larvae (Kapoor,<br />
megacephala<br />
1993).<br />
Ectemnius<br />
An adult Crabronine wasp predator which store the prey as food for the young<br />
timidoventris<br />
(Kapoor, 1993).<br />
Crabo unicolor An adult Crabronine wasp predator which store the prey as food for the young<br />
(Kapoor, 1993).<br />
Ceratitis catoirii Psyttalia<br />
A Braconid parasite from Mauritius which apparently controls this pest (Orian<br />
insignipennis<br />
& Moutia, 1960; Wharton, et al., 1999).<br />
Ceratitis colae Galesus silvestrii A Diapriid pupal parasite from Nigeria bred in lab (Silvestri, 1914)<br />
Splangia afra A Pteromalid pupal parasite from Nigeria bred in lab (Silvestri, 1914; Boucek,<br />
1963).<br />
Tetrastichus giffardii A widely diffused Chalcid egg-larval parasite from Nigeria, Dahomey, Victoria,<br />
Tanganyika (Silvestri, 1914; Thompson, 1943). Introduced to Mexico, to<br />
Peru to Bolivia (Rogg & Camacho, 2003).<br />
Aeromyrma vorax An ant (Formicidae) predator <strong>of</strong> pupae (Silvestri, 1914).<br />
Opius perproximus A Braconid larval parasite from West Africa (Wharton & Gilstrap, 1983).<br />
Coptera silvestrii A Psiline parasite from Africa (Benin, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Kenya,<br />
Monzambique, Zululand), introduced to Hawaii (Yoder & Wharton, 2002).<br />
Ceratitis<br />
contramedia<br />
Biosteres giffardii A Braconid parasite from Africa (Wharton & Gilstrap, 1983).<br />
Coptera silvestrii A Psiline parasite from Africa (Benin, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Kenya,<br />
Monzambique, Zululand), introduced to Hawaii (Yoder & Wharton, 2002).<br />
Ceratitis cosyra Opius cosyrae A Braconid parasite from northern Africa, intr. through the Mediterranean<br />
(Wharton & Gilstrap, 1983; Thompson, 1943; Narayanan & Chawla, 1962).<br />
Opius perproximus A Braconid larval parasite from West Africa (Silvestri, 1914; Wharton &<br />
Gilstrap, 1983; Narayanan & Chawla, 1962; Steck, et al., 1986).<br />
Biosteres fullawayi A Braconid parasite from the Cameroons (Steck, et al., 1986).<br />
Ceratitis cosyra Coptera silvestrii A Psiline parasite from Africa (Benin, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Kenya,<br />
(Cont.)<br />
Monzambique, Zululand), introduced to Hawaii (Yoder & Wharton, 2002).<br />
3-50 <strong>Natural</strong> <strong>Enemies</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>True</strong> <strong>Fruit</strong> <strong>Flies</strong> 02/2004-01<br />
PPQ