Natural Enemies of True Fruit Flies (Tephritidae) - USDA - aphis

Jeffrey N. L. Stibick
Microorganisms/Microbial Toxins Used Against the Tephritidae - Table 1
Species Biological Mode Product Specif ics
Anastrepha
spp.
Bactrocera
ascita sp. B
Bactrocera
cucurbitae
Bactrocera
cucurbitae
(Cont.)
Bactrocera
carambolae (=
B. dorsalis sp.
A)
Bactrocera
caudata
Bactrocera
diversa
Through larval
contact
Saccharopolyspora
spinosa, a soil
bacterium, through
ingestion.
Through
transovarian
transmission
Through adult
contact (?)
Through adult
contact
Through adult
contact
Through larval
contact
Through adult
contact
Through adult
contact
Through adult
contact
Through adult
contact
An Entomogenous nematode Agent:
Steinernema carpocapsae
Spinosad
Agent: Spinosyn A Spinosyn D
+
SolBait
An Endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus
Wolbachia.
Augmentation to eradication is 500
nematode per cm 2 applied to soils.
Results similar to fruit flies in Hawaii
(Lindegren, 1990)
Test plots sprayed through aerial
applications at the rate of 1.8 liters/
hectare resulted in 54% reduction in
Caribfly populations. At 3.5 liters/
hectare the reduction was 73%.
(Burns, et al., 2001)
No evidence of alterations in the
reproductive ability of A. suspensa
(Werren, et al., 1995)
unspecified fungi in the Laboulbeniales Affect various body parts, but
apparently little inconvenience to the
host (Baker, et al., 1944)
An Endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus
Wolbachia, inducing cytoplasmic
incompatibility, thelytokous
parthenogenesis, male-killing or
feminization.
Agent: Avermectin B1 (MK-936)
a powerful toxin derived from
Streptomyces avermitilis fermentation
(EPA, 1989)
An Entomogenous nematode Agent:
Steinernema carpocapsae
An Endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus
Wolbachia, inducing cytoplasmic
incompatibility, thelytokous
parthenogenesis, male-killing or
feminization.
An Endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus
Wolbachia, inducing cytoplasmic
incompatibility, thelytokous
parthenogenesis, male-killing or
feminization.
An Endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus
Wolbachia, inducing cytoplasmic
incompatibility, thelytokous
parthenogenesis, male-killing or
feminization.
An Endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus
Wolbachia, inducing cytoplasmic
incompatibility, thelytokous
parthenogenesis, male-killing or
feminization.
In field collected adults from
Thailand (Jamnongluk, et al, 2002)
In Lab, applied to thorax, at 0.042
ug/g LD 50 15 days
With sublethal doses, fecundity, and
fertility reduced by up to 79%
(Albrecht & Sherman, 1987)
Augmentation to eradication is 500
nematode per cm 2 applied to soils.
Causes 89% mortality (Lindegren,
1990)
In field collected adults from
Thailand (Jamnongluk, et al, 2002)
In field collected adults from
Thailand (Jamnongluk, et al, 2002)
In field collected adults from
Thailand (Jamnongluk, et al, 2002)
In field collected adults from
Thailand (Jamnongluk, et al, 2002)
3-6 Natural Enemies of True Fruit Flies 02/2004-01
PPQ