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For the majority of participants the setting for completing the survey was their home, if privacy was difficult earphones were offered by phoning the 0800 number. For those who didn’t have access to a computer or internet or sufficient privacy to complete the survey, the local library, school health centre or library or internet café was used. Both CanTeen and Child Cancer Foundation, the charitable arms of child cancer services were engaged in assisting with access where needed. This differed significantly from the Youth’07 research setting of classrooms with a research team at hand. 3.5 Controls: New Zealand College Students aged 12years to 18years inclusive The control population was the 9,107 students from 96 colleges throughout New Zealand who completed the questionnaire for the Youth’07 project in 2008. Inclusion criteria was that students had to be 18 years of age or younger with English language skills equivalent to year 6 (Adolescent Health Research Group, 2003b). Eligible year 9 to year 13 students were randomly selected and invited to participate. The final 9,107 students who took part represented 74% of those selected and 3.4% of the total New Zealand secondary school roll (Adolescent Health Research Group, 2008b). The Youth’07 study was chosen as the control as it provided a unique opportunity to use recent, comparative data from a large normative cohort of 12 to 18 year old New Zealand students providing current and accurate information that is representative of young adolescents in New Zealand. Specific measures included had proven validity and reliability and built on the information gained from the Youth2000 survey providing two time points for comparison (Adolescent Health Research Group, 2008a). The survey was carried out in school venues including gymnasiums, classrooms or school Marae with enough space to ensure privacy using hand held computers. Headsets were provided for privacy as well as assisting those participants with reading difficulties. The questionnaire used the M-CASI audio-visual format with questions 22
answered by touch screen action with a stylus and response options also read out with headsets ensuring privacy. 3.6 Survey Method The survey tool initially developed for the Youth 2000 and Youth’07 surveys used a multimedia computer assisted self-interviewing (M-CASI) survey and was designed as a youth-friendly tool. Hand-held computers with headsets were provided and questions displayed on the screen with a mouse click and point action required instead of keyboard use. The questions were in an audio-visual format. Computer assisted self-interview (CASI) methods have become more widely used, particularly with surveys involving adolescents and young adults. Watson et al. (2001) of the Youth2000 study piloted the survey tool in 1999 and found a high level of student enjoyment and acceptability with reported ease of use of the M-CASI tool and concluded that “M-CASI was an acceptable instrument for the administration of a youth health survey” (p. 520). In another study (Webb, Zimet, Fortenberry, & Blythe, 1999) comparing CASI data collection and a self-administered written questionnaire (SAQ) with adolescents no significant differences were found in reporting of information. 3.7 The Youth ’07 questionnaire The Youth’07 survey contained questions on important health and wellbeing outcomes as well as risk taking and protective behaviours. The main domains were: culture and ethnicity; home, families and school; general health; emotional wellbeing; substance use; sexual health; health-risk behaviours and community (Adolescent Health Research Group, 2008a). The Youth’07 questionnaire included a possible 622 questions, however because the branching design removed irrelevant questions, most students were reported as only answering half that number, with the average completion time reported as approximately 73mins (Adolescent Health Research Group, 2008b). 23
Page 1 and 2: The Self Reported Psychosocial Well
Page 3 and 4: 3.14 Confidentiality and right to p
Page 5 and 6: ATTESTATION OF AUTHORSHIP “I here
Page 7 and 8: ABSTRACT There has been increased r
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Page 11 and 12: psychosocial effects intersect with
Page 13 and 14: innovative multimedia (pictures, mu
Page 15 and 16: in Twombly, 2004). The NCCS was est
Page 17 and 18: 2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 LITERATU
Page 19 and 20: demonstrate a higher likelihood of
Page 21 and 22: data from the Childhood Cancer Surv
Page 23 and 24: 2.6.1 Internet surveys and studies
Page 25 and 26: Aotearoa/New Zealand. The following
Page 27 and 28: could also be reported as a nested
Page 29: Table 1. Childhood cancer survivor
Page 33 and 34: The final survey questionnaire was
Page 35 and 36: 3.9 Standardized measures of psycho
Page 37 and 38: emotional, conduct problems, hypera
Page 39 and 40: programme without destabilizing exi
Page 41 and 42: approved in Crown Health Agencies
Page 43 and 44: questionnaire that was upsetting in
Page 45 and 46: 4.1 Introduction CHAPTER 4 RESULTS
Page 47 and 48: Table 2. Socio-demographic and canc
Page 49 and 50: N 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Sco
Page 51 and 52: 30 N 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Score
Page 53 and 54: Table 4. WHO-5 score by demographic
Page 55 and 56: RT N Y Mod-severe Depression 9 1 7.
Page 57 and 58: Cancer characteristics Diagnosis CN
Page 59 and 60: Table 9. Hyperactivity by demograph
Page 61 and 62: Table 11. Prosocial Scale by demogr
Page 63 and 64: In summary, older age was associate
Page 65 and 66: 4.4.2 Comparison of depression in C
Page 67 and 68: Table 17. Comparison of SDQ prosoci
Page 69 and 70: Wells, & Scott., 2006), that report
Page 71 and 72: similar between both the study and
Page 73 and 74: 18years, when the protective factor
Page 75 and 76: parts of New Zealand have either li
Page 77 and 78: Key implications for practice inclu
Page 79 and 80: therapy do not plateau but increase
Page 81 and 82:
Children's Oncology Group. (2006).
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Lusk, C., Delclos, G. L., Burau, K.
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Rosoff, P. M., Werner, C., Clipp, E
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APPENDICES 79
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Appendix B: Survey Participant Info
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Information Sheet A study of the qu
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How will I find out about the resul
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Consent Form ACSIS: A Paediatric Ha
Page 100 and 101:
Over the last six months... I have
Page 102:
d) MASC-10 We would like to ask you
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