Scientific Theme: Advanced Modeling and Observing Systems

More documents

Recommendations

Info

$The imaginary part of the group refractive index* - Cooperative ...$

Complementary Research: Faculty Fellows Research Assessing Continental Hydrology with Water Isotope Measurements from Space David Noone In collaboration with the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Observations of the HDO to H2O isotope ratio (expressed as δD) from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer on board NASA‘s Aura spacecraft is a valuable new resource for investigating the atmospheric hydrologic cycle. The isotopic composition of water vapor gives insight to the processes active in some regions because different processes have different isotopic signatures. For instance, lighter isotopes preferentially evaporate and heavier isotopes preferentially condense, which allows the observations to be used to determine the recycling efficiency (the relationship between evaporation and precipitation). Further, the isotopic composition of evaporation over the ocean reflects the thermal properties during evaporation, while that of evapotranspiration reflects the isotopic composition of previous precipitation. This contrast allows the observations to be used to partition the source of tropospheric water into that originating from the ocean and that from continents. Accomplishments We have established which processes control the atmospheric water vapor over three tropical continental regions: the Amazon, Southeast Asian monsoon region and northern Australia. Over the Amazon, the transport pathways for water with high and low isotope values are found with five-day back trajectories (figure below, top). During the wet season, there are two characteristically different regimes: 1) moisture originates over the Atlantic, and moves inland with continual condensation, and 2) moisture originates off the Venezuelan coast or over the continent itself and undergoes strong convective precipitation before arriving over the Amazon. Only the first of these is widely acknowledged in the literature. During the Amazon dry season it is again the second of these regimes, which dominates, and again shows the value of isotopes in allowing assessment of not only the conditions that control the precipitation but also those that control the evapotranspiration of the region (figure right, bottom). Although often considered climatologically similar, the wet season monsoon over Southeast Asia is found to have different combinations of moisture sources. Specifically, the isotopes suggest a stronger influence of advection from nearby oceanic regions, and that the high elevation Tibetan plateau supplies dry air via subsidence. The role of subsidence is also found to be a pronounced source of dry air over northern Australia during the dry season, while in that region this is balanced by strong local convection, which supplies water from the boundary layer. While many previous studies have focused on the importance of precipitation in hydrological analysis, an important outcome of this work is that it is also important to consider the fate of dry air and the local evaporation regime to establish a complete view of the hydrologic balance. Figure shows the difference in conditions with most (blue) and least (red) depleted isotopic composition. (Top) Location of air parcels five days before they arrive in a box defining the Amazon region. The most depleted isotope observations (blue) are associated with strong local condensation, while least depleted vapor (red) has more direct history from the oceanic source. (Bottom) Frequency distribution of δD isotope values for the wet (blue) and dry (red) season over the Amazon. Solid lines show the values over the Amazon box, and dashed lines show the distribution in the source region. In the wet season condensation shifts the distribution toward more depleted values, while in the dry season local evapotranspiration injects new water vapor with a less depleted δD value of around - 140 per mil. 116
Complementary Research: Faculty Fellows Research Workshop on Climate Change and Disaster Losses: Understanding and Attributing Trends and Projections, Summary Report R. A. Pielke, Jr. Funding: NSF In May 2006, Roger Pielke, Jr. and Peter Höppe of the Geo Risks Research Department of Munich organized a workshop on the assessment of factors leading to increasing loss trends due to natural disasters. The workshop was timely, especially given the apparent lack of consensus on the role of climate change in disaster loss trends. The workshop brought together a diverse group of international experts in the fields of climatology and disaster research. The workshop was sponsored by Munich Re, U.S. National Science Foundation, Tyndall Center for Climate Change Research, and the GKSS Research Center. The general questions answered at this workshop were: What factors account for increasing costs of weather-related disasters in recent decades? What are the implications of these understandings, for both research and policy? A short brochure, which includes the 20 consensus and unanimous statements of the workshop participants, is available at http://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/sparc/research/projects/extreme_events/munich_workshop/ccdl_workshop_brochure.pdf The full workshop report is available at: http://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/sparc/research/projects/extreme_events/munich_workshop/workshop_report.html. The growing global toll of disasters, according to data collected by Munich Re Group. Source: Munich Re Group (2005). 117
Page 1 and 2:
COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH
Page 3:
Table of Contents Letter from the D
Page 7 and 8:
Executive Summary and Research High
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Chemical Sciences Division (CSD) CI
Page 15 and 16:
CIRES in 2006-2007: Administration
Page 17 and 18:
CIRES in 2006-2007: Contributions t
Page 19 and 20:
CIRES in 2006-2007: Creating a Dyna
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Theme report: Advanced Modeling and
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
GSD01: Numerical Weather Prediction
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Theme report: Climate System Variab
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72: Theme report: Climate System Variab
Page 73 and 74: NOAA Operation Model NOAA Optimally
Page 75 and 76: Scientific Theme: Geodynamics This
Page 77 and 78: Scientific Theme: Geodynamics MILES
Page 79 and 80: Scientific Theme: Integrating Activ
Page 91 and 92: Scientific Theme: Planetary Metabol
Page 93 and 94: Scientific Theme: Planetary Metabol
Page 95 and 96: Scientific Theme: Regional Processe
Page 97 and 98: CSD08: Regional Air Quality Scienti
Page 101 and 102: k 1(T) (10 -11 cm 3 molecule -1 s -
Page 109 and 110: Global Snow Cover Mapping Richard A
Page 111 and 112: Complementary Research: Faculty Fel
Page 113 and 114: Land Surface Hydrology and Global C
Page 121: Complementary Research: Faculty Fel
Page 125 and 126: The Arctic's Shrinking Sea Ice Cove
Page 129 and 130: Laboratory Studies of Clouds and Ae
Page 135 and 136: Complementary Research: Education a
Page 137 and 138: Center for the Study of Earth from
Page 139 and 140: Complementary Research: CIRES Scien
Page 141 and 142: National Snow and Ice Data Center C
Page 143 and 144: Center for Limnology Complementary
Page 145 and 146: Climate Diagnostics Center Compleme
Page 147 and 148: Complementary Research: Innovative
Page 159 and 160: Complementary Research: CIRES Fello
Page 161 and 162: Complementary Research: CIRES Fello
Page 163 and 164: CIRES’ Leadership Konrad Steffen:
Page 165 and 166: Appendices: Governance and Manageme
Page 167 and 168: Appendices: Student Diversity Progr
Page 169 and 170: Appendices: Publications Publicatio
Page 171 and 172: Appendices: Publications Beaver, M.
Page 173 and 174:
Appendices: Publications Cimini, D.
Page 175 and 176:
Appendices: Publications standard u
Page 177 and 178:
Appendices: Publications Garrett, T
Page 179 and 180:
Appendices: Publications Holland, M
Page 181 and 182:
Appendices: Publications Li, S., G.
Page 183 and 184:
Appendices: Publications Mcguire, A
Page 185 and 186:
Appendices: Publications Olsen, N.,
Page 187 and 188:
Appendices: Publications Regonda, S
Page 189 and 190:
Appendices: Publications Sierau, B.
Page 191 and 192:
Appendices: Publications Turnbull,
Page 193 and 194:
Appendices: Publications Yoon, S.C.
Page 195 and 196:
Appendices: Publications Maus, S.,
Page 197 and 198:
Appendices: Publications Miller, J.
Page 199 and 200:
Appendices: Publications Chernogor,
Page 201 and 202:
Appendices: Publications Petropavlo
Page 203 and 204:
Appendices: Publications Refereed J
Page 205 and 206:
Appendices: Honors and Awards Honor
Page 207 and 208:
Appendices: Honors and Awards Maure
Page 209 and 210:
Appendices: Service Service: Calend
Page 211 and 212:
Appendices: Service Army Office of
Page 213 and 214:
Appendices: Acronyms Acronyms and A
Page 215 and 216:
Appendices: Acronyms DOE Department
Page 217 and 218:
Appendices: Acronyms MBBDB MultiBea
Page 219 and 220:
Appendices: Acronyms SHEBA Surface
show all

Scientific Theme: Advanced Modeling and Observing Systems

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?