Untitled - Memorial University of Newfoundland

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that is our nig1'i1utU •...• For our nigl"irutU to be an effective instrument of liberation, instead of a section of a museum, we had to shake off the dust and assert it in the international movement of the contemporary world (45) . Colonization. more so for the francophone than lhe anglophone Africans. meant a total assimilation of western culture, physically and mentally dominating their language. lifestyle and values. Senghor and his pioneers tried to validate the worth of the Negro . but by doing so, placed the African in an inferior position to the European. Frantz Fanon , influenced by Marxist ideology. attacked the philosophy of Nigritutk as a concept to create black self-coesciousoess. He advocated.a more aggressive means of decolonization and nationalliberation. I 1 NigrituLk did not of itself make a radical break from the ideology of French. and by extension European, colonization; however. it prepared the way for anglo phone African intellectuals' increasing awareness of nationalism and the apprecia tion for their own indigenous culture , one which was intensified during the fight for independence from European rule. Nig ritutk was a product of French theorizing and ideology and some anglophone African intellectuals criticized its reliance on the essential binary nature of the western philosophical tradi tion . Wale Soyinka 's argument against the racist philosopby of NigrifUtiL, particu1ar1y his comm ent on 'tigritude,' has been misinterpreted as an attack against African Nationali sm. Soyinka put the record sttaigbt at the Berlin Conference for African writers in 1964; in Neo-African Lueranee, lanheinz Jabn records Soyinka' s taped response: IS
The point is this that, to quote what I said fully. I said: "A tiger does not proclaim his t igritude , he pounces. " in other words: a tiger does not stand in the forest and say: -I am a tiger. " When you passwhere the tiger has walked before . you see the skeleton of the duiker, you kno w that some tigritude hasbeenemanatedthere. en other words: the distinction which I was makingat this conference (in Kampala..Uganda. 1962) wasa purdy literary one: [ was trying to distin guish between propaganda and true poetic creativity (265-266) . 12 Despite its deficiencies. Negritude , like Nationalism and Marxism. wasa step in the right direction in the fight against European colonization. 13 Postco lonial literature has beenregarded as a replacement or substitute for Third World. Commonwealth, or (New) Literatures in English. The term, Third World, was coined in the fifties in France by analogy to the third estate, the commonen who were neither nobility nor clergy. The term is widely usedin academic lnstinmons, and in social and political contex ts. parti cularly in reference to anti - co lonial natiooal liberation movements . Third World carries with it the connotation o f inferiority as it is usually associated with the state of being underdeveloped and/o r underprivileged. It also supports the European hierarc hical system with its binaries of First WorldlTbird World and developed/underdeveloped which places such concepts in fixed positions. The notion of First Wortdflbird World does not take into acco unt the changing global relations in which , for example, the Third Wor ld Arab countries have First World economic power nor the Third World national who hasFirst World citizenship. "Co mmonwealth Literature" emerged in the sixti es to descri be Britain's both 16
Page 5: 51. 101m'S RImlINKING GREEK TRAGEDY
Page 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
Page 11: and Caribbean descen t, remain ed a
Page 14 and 15: CHAPTER 1 • INTRODUCTION Postc ol
Page 16 and 17: Postcolonial theory comprises the d
Page 18: colonial process . 3 The use of the
Page 21 and 22: Even mough postcolonial theory inte
Page 23 and 24: wickedness, that the very idea of i
Page 26 and 27: linguistic groups . The people who
Page 32 and 33: Africans in Ivory Coast have beenqu
Page 34: how me West dealt with the Orien t
Page 39 and 40: presence show s. aim relentlessly t
Page 41 and 42: women by the natives. In "Caliban A
Page 43: privileged the aite above those wit
Page 50: CHAPfERl 11re Gods An Nol To BI4mr.
Page 53: hindered communication with the dif
Page 57 and 58: Banhamcites the production notes an
Page 59 and 60: he founded the on Olokun theatre gr
Page 61: In the legend, against the advice o
Page 64: also happens to be the household se
Page 67: human features and interact with me
Page 71: From the moment a child is conceive
Page 76: Having heard about their predicamen
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older brother rightfull y occupies
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two daughters are introduced on sta
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from whi ch the noun is derived is
Page 87 and 88:
tragic flaw, his sin of hubris . br
Page 89 and 90:
occur does leave room for the possi
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accepting it; the gods themselves c
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doing : you bl ed down andreceive i
Page 95:
of the Townspeople: [The] old. and
Page 98 and 99:
De-lfe to inquire of the gods the r
Page 100 and 101:
his household. Rotimi has a dual pu
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the place where three footpaths mee
Page 105 and 106:
off against the old myths, the supe
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on Odewale that he should kill his
Page 109:
in the first place••..(foreign
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communication is limited to only th
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entity under the colonial system. I
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the illusion that all would be well
Page 128 and 129:
Letterario Internarionale Mondello
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imaginatively recreates the plot an
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in his thigh and sewed it up so tha
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In the prologue of Euripides ' lJac
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trim not only lhe bi- sexual nature
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forged fro m the ore of mountain-wo
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I find myself very much preoccupied
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of the old household slave who is t
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conflict betweenthe oppressed and t
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continues. transformed beyond the p
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into the realm of communal ritual .
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and drinks from the wine that spurt
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From orgas mic moans the surrogate
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"those gods . who yearly mus t be r
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By making the audience or a membero
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minute of his speech, he utters the
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which he turned water in to wine at
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itual . As Tiresias says, Dionysos
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172 44. Herodotus . History o/the G
Page 188 and 189:
African mythological worldview on t
Page 192:
Booth, James. "Human Sacrifice in L
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Untitled - Memorial University of Newfoundland

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