THE ROLE OF THE

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Index 193 Polyacetals, 127 Dupont production method of, 41 Polyalphaolefins (PAOs), 103 Polyamide (PA), 37 flexural modulus, 148 glass content, 148 heat deflection temperature, 148 structure, 35 ultimate tensile strength, 148 use in vehicles, 35 Polybutylene, 75 Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), 72 structure, 36 use in vehicles, 34, 36 Polycarbonate (PC), 37 activation spectra maxima, 48 structure, 36 use in vehicles, 36 Polyester(s), 61 activation spectra maxima, 48 chemical behavior of, 32 most commercially useful, 34 thermostat engine covers, 72 Polyetheretherketones, 89–90 Polyethylene (PE), 33 activation spectra maxima, 48 formation, 39 high density, 33, 39 rubber, 112, 113 structure, 35 use in vehicles, 35 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), 34 structure, 36 use in vehicles, 34, 36 Polyimide(s) automotive seal, 90 production, 91 Polymer(s) chain length, resistance to compression set and, 113 in European vehicles, 32 market, 31–33 in North American vehicles, 32 production, 39–43 (See also Polymerization) as replacements for aluminum, 31 as replacements for steel, 8, 31 use in vehicles, 32, 33, 35–36 body, 34 bumpers, 34 dashboard, 34 electrical components, 34 exterior trim, 34 fuel systems, 34 interior trim, 34 lighting, 34 reservoirs, 34 seats, 34 under-hood compartments, 34 upholstery, 34 Polymerization addition, 39 anionic, 43 cationic, 43 chain growth, 39–42 condensation, 42 emulsion, 91 ionic, 42–43 olefin, 39 step growth, 42 vinyl, 39 Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), 34, 127 activation spectra maxima, 48 structure, 36 use in vehicles, 36 Polyolefins, 104 Polyolesters, 103 Polyoxymethylene (POM), 37 activation spectra maxima, 48 Celanese production method, 40 structure, 36 use in vehicles, 36 Polyphenylene sulfide, 92 Polypropylene (PP), 34 activation spectra maxima, 48 atactic, 38 flexural modulus, 148 glass content, 148 heat deflection temperature, 148 isotactic, 37 structure, 35 syndiotactic, 38 ultimate tensile strength, 148 use in vehicles, 35 Polystyrene activation spectra maxima, 48 molding, 72 polyisoprene and, 127 propagation, 40 Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) automotive seal, 90–92 melting point, 91 synthesis reaction, 91 Polyurethane (PUR), 37 structure, 35 use in vehicles, 35 Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) activation spectra maxima, 48 pyrolysis, 127 Polyvinylchloride (PVC), 34 activation spectra maxima, 48 pyrolysis, 127 structure, 35 use in vehicles, 35 POM. See Polyoxymethylene (POM)
194 Index Power train, 95 Power train cooling requirements, 7 PP. See Polypropylene (PP) Propylene glycol, 108 Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, 152–154 advantage of, 153 manufacturing, 76–77 PTFE. See Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) PUR. See Polyurethane (PUR) PVA. See Polyvinyl acetate PVC. See Polyvinylchloride (PVC) r Random scission, 127 Re. See Reynolds number (Re) Rechargeable energy storage system (RESS), 9 Reforming, defined, 99 Refrigerant(s) alternatives, 137 hydrocarbons and 152A as, 139–142 design, 131 new developments in, 145–146 traditional and CO 2, 142–145 oil mixtures, 137–139 Reynolds number (Re), 137 Rubber butyl, 112, 113 EPDM, 113, 116, 119, 120 fluoro, 112, 113 material mass in vehicles, 33 natural, 119–122 NBR, 113, 122 PE, 112, 113 processing, 67–70 seals, 125 Shelton kinetic scheme, 127 silicone, 112, 113, 114–117 cross-link density vs. properties for, 117 usage and temperature range of, 116 s SCAB. See South coast air basin (SCAB) Seal. See Automotive seal(s) Sebacic acid, 109 Separation techniques, 17 Silicone heat exchanger designation, 74 oxygen and, 117 rubber, 112, 113, 114–117 cross-link density vs. properties for, 117 usage and temperature range of, 116 Siloxanes (Si), 14 Singularity, FEA definition, 53 Smith, John, 4 Sodium energy level, 13 SOFCs. See Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), 159 Soluble oils, 17–18 Solvent extraction, defined, 99 South coast air basin (SCAB), 184 Spectrochim Acta, 15 Steel, 13, 100 analysis, 12, 17 calender, 68 fuel line, replacement with flexible nylon, 8 in HVAC system, 147 liner, 97 material mass in vehicles, 33 Poisson ratios, 25 replacement with polymers, 8, 31 tool, 61 washer, 84 Young modulus, 55 Step growth polymerization, 42 Stiffness, FEA definition, 53 Strain, FEA definition, 53 Strength, FEA definition, 53 Stress, FEA definition, 53 Stress-strain curve, 54 Stress-strain relationships, 27–28 Subcooling, 137 SULEV. See Super-ultralow emissions (SULEV) Super-ultralow emissions (SULEV), 184 Superheat, 137 Synthetic esters, 104 t Teflon. See Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Tetrafluropropylene, 123 TEWI. See Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) Thermal expansion valve (TXV), 137 Thermal oxidation process, 88 Thermal serviceability range, 112, 113 Tolyltriazole, 109 Total acid number, defined, 105 Total base number, defined, 105 Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI), 133 Toughness, 54 Towing capacity, comfort package and, 3, 4 Toyota, 9 Transmission fluid, 104–106 shear, 105 temperature and, 105 types of, 106 Trichlorofluoromethane, 130 Tricresyl phosphate (TCP), 102
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THE ROLE OF THE CHEMIST IN AUTOMOTI
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CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 60
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Contents Preface...................
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Contents ix 6.6 Thermal Properties
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Contents xi 11.4 Glass Microspheres
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The Author Herman Phlegm was born i
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2 The Role of the Chemist in Automo
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10 The Role of the Chemist in Autom
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3 3.1 IntroductIon Component Materi
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Component Materials in Automobiles
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6 6.1 IntroductIon Engineering Poly
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Engineering and Structural Polymers
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100 The Role of the Chemist in Auto
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8 8.1 IntroductIon Seal and Gasket
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Seal and Gasket Design 113 table 8.
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Seal and Gasket Design 115 The main
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Seal and Gasket Design 117 Properti
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Seal and Gasket Design 119 table 8.
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Seal and Gasket Design 121 within t
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Seal and Gasket Design 123 F F F F
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Seal and Gasket Design 125 R R O ma
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Seal and Gasket Design 127 stabiliz
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9 9.1 IntroductIon HVAC System Over
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HVAC System Overview and Refrigeran
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