THE ROLE OF THE

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2 2.1 IntroductIon Traditional Role of the Chemist in the Automobile Plant Environment Within automobile management in a plant environment, traditional thinking led to the belief that a chemist’s role was strictly within the laboratory in an analytical capacity or as support for some chemical system such as coolant (soluble oil), paint, or lubrication systems. In addition to this were the roles as analyst for a failed component and inspector in quality control for incoming raw materials. In this chapter, we will discuss these roles and briefly focus on some of the necessary theory and technology in fulfilling them. We will again see how the imperatives mentioned in Chapter 1 come into play within the auto industry and in the chemist’s role, specifically. During the period from roughly the 1930s to the late 1990s, auto companies depended on chemists to inspect incoming raw materials, maintain chemical processes, and perform failure analysis. These activities were generally done in the metallurgical (met) lab and ranged from wet methods to advanced instrumental techniques. It was not until later that the “just in time” inventory control system and reliance on supplier certification limited incoming chemical inspections. In this chapter, we will describe the chemist’s task in analyzing the various materials and, in Chapter 3, will enter into more detail about the materials used. 2.2 IncomIng InsPectIon For a typical production run, the materials inspection group would obtain a sample of five parts per lot. The entire lot of parts would then be quarantined and inventoried through the use of an automated system such as a FATA system. The samples from each lot would then be sent to the material lab for analysis. Depending on the nature of the material, the chemist would determine the type of testing required, complete the test, and compare it to the material specification. Table 2.1 shows typical equipment found in the automotive chemist’s lab in the plant environment. This list is meant to be a general guide to typical equipment and is not meant to be inclusive. Table 2.2 presents analytical signals. According to Skoog and West, these signals are common signals useful for analytical purposes [1]. Up until around 1920, 11
12 The Role of the Chemist in Automotive Design table 2.1 analytical Instrument usage equipment Primary usage Optical emissions spectrophotometer Analysis of steel, iron, and aluminum components HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) DSC-TGA (differential scanning calorimetrythermal gravimetric analysis) Analysis of additives in coolants, oils, hydraulics Analysis or polymeric components AA (atomic absorption) Analysis of steel, iron, and aluminum components Carbon sulfur analyzer Analysis of iron and steel components IR and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) Analysis of manufacturing system chemicals as well as surface analysis GC/MS (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) Material identification Classical methods General system analysis, paints, coolants, hydraulics, etc. table 2.2 signal versus analytical method signal analytical methods based on measurement of signal Emissions spectroscopy (x-Ray, UV, visible, electron, auger) Emission of radiation Flame photometry; fluorescence (x-ray, UV, visible) Adsorption of radiation Radiochemical methods Spectrophotometry (x-ray, UV, visible, IR); colorimetric; atomic Absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron spin resonance Scattering of radiation Turbidimetry; nephelometry; Raman spectroscopy Refraction of radiation Refractometry; interferometry Diffraction of radiation X-ray and electron diffraction methods Rotation of radiation Polarimetry; optical rotatory dispersion; circular dichroism Electrical potential Potentiometer; chronopotentiometry Electrical current Polarography; amperometry; coulometer Electrical resistance Conductimetry Mass to charge ratio Mass spectrometry Rate of reaction Kinetic methods Thermal properties Thermal conductivity and enthalpy methods Mass Gravimetric analysis Volume Volumetric analysis
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Page 10 and 11: Contents ix 6.6 Thermal Properties
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6 6.1 IntroductIon Engineering Poly
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Engineering and Structural Polymers
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8 8.1 IntroductIon Seal and Gasket
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Seal and Gasket Design 113 table 8.
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Seal and Gasket Design 115 The main
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Seal and Gasket Design 117 Properti
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Seal and Gasket Design 119 table 8.
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Seal and Gasket Design 121 within t
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Seal and Gasket Design 123 F F F F
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Seal and Gasket Design 125 R R O ma
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Seal and Gasket Design 127 stabiliz
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9 9.1 IntroductIon HVAC System Over
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HVAC System Overview and Refrigeran
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190 Index Carbon dioxide emissions,
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192 Index heat exchanger designatio
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194 Index Power train, 95 Power tra
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THE ROLE OF THE

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