?WTO ????????TRIPS ????????? ... - ??????

的第六段,關於醫藥產業不具有足夠或欠缺製造能力的 WTO 會員的藥品專利議
題,接受 TRIPS 理事會的建議,增加 TRIPS 協定修正條文第 31 條之一 90 ,卻不
以類似「杜哈公共衛生宣言」的模式處理 91 。就邏輯而言,TRIPS 協定修正條文
第 31 條之一的作法,至少顯示「杜哈公共衛生宣言」,和 TRIPS 協定的嗣後協
定並不具有相同的法律效力。由於「杜哈公共衛生宣言」研擬過程即充斥著高度
的政治張力與對峙、妥協關係,且美國也一再強調「杜哈公共衛生宣言」無法凌
駕其國內法 92 ,並主張「杜哈公共衛生宣言」不過是個法律效果不清或有限的政
治性的文件 93 。儘管如此,軟法性質的「杜哈公共衛生宣言」,並不代表在解讀
TRIPS 協定關於強制授權的規定時,不需要參酌「杜哈公共衛生宣言」關於 TRIPS
協定相關約文的解釋。只是,真正要解決「杜哈公共衛生宣言」爭議,還是需要
另外設置一個較為正式的 TRIPS 協定解釋文件 94 ,或類似香港部長會議關於增設
TRIPS 協定修正條文第 31 條之一的作法。
1.4 小結
90 ANNEX TO THE PROTOCOL AMENDING THE TRIPS AGREEMENT, WT/L/641(8 December
2005) Amendment of the TRIPS Agreement, Decision of 6 December
2005(http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/wtl641_e.htm) (2007/10/05 last visited).
91 “We reaffirm the importance we attach to the General Council Decision of 30 August 2003 on the
Implementation of Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health,
and to an amendment to the TRIPS Agreement replacing its provisions. In this regard, we welcome the
work that has taken place in the Council for TRIPS and the Decision of the General Council of
6 December 2005 on an Amendment of the TRIPS Agreement.” 2005: Hong Kong Ministerial
Declaration, Paragraph 40 on TRIPS and Public Health ,
http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min05_e/final_text_e.htm#public_health (last visited
2007/10/05).
92 James Thuo Gathii, supra note 42, 316.
93 Jeffrey J. Schott, Comment on the Doha Ministerial, 5(1) JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC
LAW 191, 195 (2002).
94 Divya Murthy, supra note 38, 1337 &
1339.
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