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Onto.PT: Towards the Automatic Construction of a Lexical Ontology ...

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4.2.3 Regularities in <strong>the</strong> Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62<br />

4.2.4 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65<br />

4.2.5 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68<br />

4.3 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76<br />

Chapter 5: Synset Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79<br />

5.1 Synonymy networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80<br />

5.2 The (fuzzy) clustering algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80<br />

5.2.1 Basic algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81<br />

5.2.2 Redundancy and weighted edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83<br />

5.3 A Portuguese <strong>the</strong>saurus from dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83<br />

5.3.1 Synonymy network data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84<br />

5.3.2 Clustering examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85<br />

5.3.3 Thesaurus data for different cut points . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86<br />

5.3.4 Comparison with handcrafted Portuguese <strong>the</strong>sauri . . . . . . . 88<br />

5.3.5 Manual evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91<br />

5.4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92<br />

Chapter 6: Thesaurus Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95<br />

6.1 <strong>Automatic</strong> Assignment <strong>of</strong> synpairs to synsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96<br />

6.1.1 Goal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96<br />

6.1.2 Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97<br />

6.2 Evaluation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> assignment procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98<br />

6.2.1 The gold resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98<br />

6.2.2 Scoring <strong>the</strong> assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98<br />

6.2.3 Comparing different assignment settings . . . . . . . . . . . . 99<br />

6.3 Clustering and integrating new synsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101<br />

6.4 A large <strong>the</strong>saurus for Portuguese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103<br />

6.4.1 Coverage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> synpairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103<br />

6.4.2 Assignment <strong>of</strong> synpairs to synsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103<br />

6.4.3 Clustering for new synsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104<br />

6.4.4 Resulting <strong>the</strong>saurus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107<br />

6.5 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110<br />

Chapter 7: Moving from term-based to synset-based relations . . . . 113<br />

7.1 <strong>Onto</strong>logising algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114<br />

7.2 <strong>Onto</strong>logising performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119<br />

7.2.1 Gold reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119<br />

7.2.2 Performance comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121<br />

7.2.3 Performance against an existing gold standard . . . . . . . . . 123<br />

7.3 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128<br />

Chapter 8: <strong>Onto</strong>.<strong>PT</strong>: a lexical ontology for Portuguese . . . . . . . . . 131<br />

8.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132<br />

8.1.1 Underlying lexical network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133<br />

8.1.2 Synsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133<br />

8.1.3 Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135<br />

8.1.4 Relation examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135<br />

8.2 Access and Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

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