WiMax Operator's Manual

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CHAPTER 3 ■ ■ ■ Strategic Planning of Spectrum and Services This chapter enumerates the various steps involved in the strategic planning of a wireless broadband network. The assumption at this point is that the network operator has already performed a market and logistical study of the geographical area in which service is to be offered and has determined the following: • A considerable unmet demand exists for competitively priced broadband services, and the challenge posed by incumbents is not overwhelming. The local political climate is such that obtaining right of way, permitting, and spectrum itself will not pose insurmountable obstacles. The basic topography of the region and distribution of potential customers is such that a wireless solution is both feasible and desirable. A decisive “first-mover” advantage will accrue to the network operator, rendering effective competition from other wireless service providers unlikely. The network will enjoy good long-term growth prospects. Adequate backhaul facilities can be secured for both the immediate and future needs of the network. Adequate peering relationships with long-distance service providers can be negotiated so that quality of service (QoS) can be maintained in local area network (LAN) extensions, Voice-over IP (VoIP), conferencing, and other low latency or low error rate applications. The network can truly own its own infrastructure and not be beholden to competitive incumbent carriers. The network will be positioned to adopt foreseeable enhancements in wireless technology without having to resort to “forklift upgrades.” 33
34 CHAPTER 3 ■ STRATEGIC PLANNING OF SPECTRUM AND SERVICES The organization will be in a position to forge relationships with third-party providers of content, applications, and value-added services. A roadmap will be in place for modifying the network over time to support such converged services. Basically, the network operator will have done everything possible to assess the full market potential of the locale in which the network is to be situated and the logistical requirements for launching the network and will leave as little as possible to chance. Only when such assessments are complete should the operator proceed with the actual planning stage of the rollout. Selecting the Appropriate Spectrum to Meet the Requirements of the Targeted Customers: Propagation Characteristics Across the Radio Spectrum Issues of spectrum should be dealt with during the market assessment phase of network planning, at least to the extent of finding out what spectrum is available in the designated market. Simply put, if the requisite spectrum is not available, then the project cannot go forward. As indicated in Chapter 1, the 802.16 standard covers the bands between 2 gigahertz (GHz) and 66GHz, but other bands are available above and below this region that can be used for providing broadband access (I will cover these as well). As desirable as standards-based equipment may be for the network operator, occupying the spectrum that is most useful is equally desirable. The 802.16 standard itself divides the radio frequency (RF) spectrum into large, slightly overlapping blocks, the first of which extends from 2GHz to 11GHz and the second from 10GHz to 66GHz. In terms of the propagation characteristics of the signal, these divisions are both too coarse and so arbitrary as to be almost meaningless from an engineering perspective. In regard to network planning, more useful divisions would extend from 700 megahertz (MHz) to 3GHz, then from 3GHz to 10GHz, from 10GHz to 40GHz, and from 40GHz to 100GHz. I should point out here that the IEEE’s decisions as to what spectrum to include in the standard are based primarily on what bands are actually available for broadband deployments in the United States and secondarily in other developed nations. They are not based on the natural divisions in the spectrum reflecting the changing nature of wave propagation with respect to frequency. Before you consider such natural divisions, I will give an overview of the useful spectrum—useful, that is, from a communications viewpoint. Overview of Commercial Radio Spectrum Suitable for Broadband Data Applications Radio transmissions occur at frequencies as low as 28 cycles per second (low audio frequencies) and as high as a couple of hundred billion cycles per second (gigahertz). Audio frequency radio transmissions have no commercial application and are currently utilized only by navies for communicating with deeply submerged submarines. On the other hand, transmissions
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WiMax Operator’s Manual Building
Page 4: This book is dedicated to my wife.
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Page 10 and 11: ■CONTENTS ix Performing Site Surv
Page 12: ■CONTENTS xi Cyberwarfare . . . .
Page 16: About the Technical Reviewer ■ROB
Page 20 and 21: Introduction Broadband wireless has
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84 CHAPTER 4 ■ SETTING UP PHYSICA
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CHAPTER 6 ■ ■ ■ Beyond Access
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Figure 6-4. Wireless public network
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Specialized Content Distribution Pl
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Beyond the Central Office CHAPTER 6
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CHAPTER 6 ■ BEYOND ACCESS 149 out
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CHAPTER 7 ■ ■ ■ Service Deplo
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CHAPTER 7 ■ SERVICE DEPLOYMENTS O
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178 CHAPTER 8 ■ NETWORK MANAGEMEN
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CHAPTER 9 ■ ■ ■ Network Secur
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CHAPTER 9 ■ NETWORK SECURITY 189
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Index ■Numbers 2.4GHz to 928MHz b
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asic access and best-effort deliver
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■D dark fiber, features of, 75-76
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harmonics, impact on AC power, 188
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challenges to, 85-86 and NLOS, 121
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PONs (passive optical networks), fe
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signal diversity, providing with ad
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■V VDSL and entertainment service
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