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Chapter 10/Androgens and Coronary Artery Disease 219 227. Feldman HA, Johannes CB, McKinlay JB, Longcope C. Low dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and heart disease in middle-aged men: cross-sectional results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Ann Epidemiol 1998;8:217–228. 228. Barrett-Connor E, Khaw KT, Yen SSC. A prospective study of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, mortality, and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1986;315:1519–1524. 229. Herrington DM, Gordon GB, Achuff SC, et al. Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;16:862–870. 230. LaCroix AZ, Yano K, Reed DM. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, incidence of myocardial infarction, and extent of atherosclerosis in men. Circulation 1992;86:1529–1535. 231. Ishihara F, Hiramatsu K, Shigematsu S, et al. Role of adrenal androgens in the development of arteriosclerosis as judged by pulse wave velocity and calcification of the aorta. Cardiology 1992;80:332–338. 232. Herrington DM. Dehydroepiandrosterone and coronary atherosclerosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 1995;774:271–280. 233. Phillips GB, Pinkernell BH, Jing TY. The association of hypotestosteronemia with coronary artery disease in men. Arterisclerosis Thromb 1994;14:701–706. 234. Hauner H, Stangl K, Burger K, et al. Sex hormone concentration in men with angiographically assessed coronary artery disease—relationship to obesity and body fat distribution. Klin Wochenschr 1991;69:664–668. 235. Schuler-Lüttmann S, Mönnig G, Enbergs A, et al. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 is associated with the presence and extent of coronary arteriosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis Thromb Vasc Biol 2000;20:e10–e15. 236. Newcomer LM, Manson JE, Barbieri RL, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and the risk of myocardial infarction in US male physicians: a prospective study. Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:870–875. 237. Barrett-Connor E, Goodman-Gruen D. The epidemiology of DHEAS and cardiovascular disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995;774:259–270. 238. Berr C, Lafon S, Debuire B, et al. Relationships of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the elderly with functional, psychological and mental status and short-term mortality: a French communitybased study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:13,410–13,415. 239. Jansson JH, Nilsson TK, Johnson O. von Willebrand factor, tissue plasminogen activator, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate predict cardiovascular death in a 10 year follow up of survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Heart 1998;80:334–337. 240. Tilvis RS, Kahonen M, Harkonen M. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, diseases and mortality in a general aged population. Aging (Milano) 1999;11:30–34. 241. Kiechl S, Willeit J, Bonora E, Schwarz S, Xu Q. No association between dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and development of atherosclerosis in a prospective population study (Bruneck Study). Arteriosclerosis Thromb Vasc Biol 2000;20:1094–1100. 242. Trevedi DP, Khaw KT. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and mortality in elderly men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:4171–4177. 243. Zumoff B, Troxler RG, O’Connor J, et al. Abnormal hormone levels in men with coronary artery disease. Arteriosclerosis 1982;2:58–67. 244. Moriyama Y, Yasue H, Yoshimura M, et al. The plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate are decreased in patients with chronic heart failure in proportion to the severity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:1834–1840. 245. Slowinska-Srzednicka J, Malczewska B, Srzednicki M, et al. Hyperinsulinaemia and decreased plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in premenopausal women with coronary heart disease. J Intern Med 1995;237:465–472. 246. Barrett-Connor EL, Goodman-Gruen D. Prospective study of endogenous sex hormones and fatal cardiovascular disease in postmenipausal women. Br Med J 1995;311:1193–1196. 247. Barrett-Connor EL, Khaw KT. Absence of an inverse relation of dehydroepiandrosteroneysulfate with cardiovascular mortality in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1987;317:711. 248. Gordon GB, Bush DE, Weisman HF. Reduction of atherosclerosis by administration of dehydroepiandrosterone: a study in the hypercholesterolemic New Zealand white rabbit with aortic intimal injury. J Clin Invest 1988;82:58–64. 249. Arad Y, Badimon JJ, Badimon L, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone feeding prevents aortic fatty streak formation and cholesterol accumulation in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Arteriosclerosis 1989;9:159–165.
220 Wu and von Eckardstein 250. Eich DM, Nestler JE, Johnson DE, et al. Inhibition of accelerated coronary atherosclerosis with dehydroepinadrosterone in the heterotopic rabbit model of cardiac transplantation. Circulation 1993;87:261–265. 251. Hayashi T, Esaki T, Muto E, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone retards atherosclerosis formation through its conversion to estrogen: the possible role of nitric oxide. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000;20:782–792. 252. Morishima A, Grumbach MM, Simpson ER, et al. Aromatase deficiency in male and female siblings caused by a novel mutation and the physiological role of estrogens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:3689–3698. 253. Carani C, Qin K, Simoni M, et al. Effect of testosterone and oestradiol in a man with aromatase deficiency. New Eng J Med 1997;337:91–95. 254. Smith EP, Boyd J, Frank GR, et al. Estrogen resistance caused by a mutation in the estrogen-receptor gene in a man. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1056–1061. 255. Sudhir K, Chou TM, Chatterjee K, et al. Premature coronary artery disease associated with a disruptive mutation in the estrogen receptor gene in a man. Circulation 1997;96:3774–3777. 256. Sudhir K, Chou TM, Messina LM, et al. Endothelial dysfunction in a man with disruptive mutation in oestrogen-receptor gene. Lancet 1997;349:1146–1147. 257. Ohlsson C, Hellberg N, Parini P, et al. Obesity and disturbed lipoprotein profile in estrogen receptoralpha-deficient male mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000;30:640–645. 258. Heine PA, Taylor JA, Iwamoto GA, et al. Increased adipose tissue in male and female estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:12729–12734. 259. Rubanyi GM, Frey AD, Kauser K, et al. Vascular estrogen receptors and endothelium-derived nitric oxide production in the mouse aorta. J Clin Invest 1997;99:2429–2437.
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CONTEMPORARY ENDOCRINOLOGY Androgen
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CONTEMPORARY ENDOCRINOLOGY P. Micha
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© 2003 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
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vi Preface We hope Androgens in Hea
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viii Contents 13 Androgens and Body
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x Contributors RICHARD S. LEGRO, MD
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2 Winters and Clark
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4 Winters and Clark chorionic gonad
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6 Winters and Clark LH REGULATION O
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8 Winters and Clark These enzymes a
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10 Winters and Clark -subunit mRNA
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12 Winters and Clark Fig. 3. A sche
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14 Winters and Clark Table 1 Factor
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16 Winters and Clark Table 2 Tissue
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18 Winters and Clark 11. Thomas JL,
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20 Winters and Clark 61. Dufau ML,
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22 Winters and Clark 112. Raivio T,
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24 Brown Fig. 1. Mechanism for andr
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26 Brown increase in intracellular
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28 Brown Fig. 2. Structural and fun
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30 Brown Fig. 3. Amino acid sequenc
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32 Brown tions to shuttle the AR th
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34 Brown Fig. 4. Amino acid primary
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36 Brown part of an inactive chroma
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38 Brown the external genitalia is
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40 Brown tors, as well as the trans
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42 Brown 49. Williams SP, Sigler PB
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44 Brown 100. Gregory CW, He B, Joh
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46 Plymate Table 1 Classification o
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48 Plymate In addition to the direc
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50 Plymate LABORATORY FINDINGS In p
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52 Plymate those manifesting as phe
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54 Plymate result in some improveme
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56 Plymate If both testosterone and
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58 Plymate Persistent Müllerian Du
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60 Plymate INFERTILITY RESULTING FR
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62 Plymate unaffected, contralatera
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64 Plymate SECONDARY HYPOGONADISM H
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66 Plymate Other syndromes manifest
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68 Plymate period after the burn. I
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70 Plymate These findings suggest t
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72 Plymate 49. Goebelsmann U, Horto
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74 Plymate 104. Yoshimoto Y, Moride
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76 Plymate
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78 Sutton, Amory, and Clark levels
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80 Sutton, Amory, and Clark cebo in
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82 Sutton, Amory, and Clark Finaste
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84 Sutton, Amory, and Clark through
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86 Sutton, Amory, and Clark 40. The
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88 Sutton, Amory, and Clark 88. Rob
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90 Lindzey and Korach Fig. 1. Cellu
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92 Lindzey and Korach estrogen sign
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94 Lindzey and Korach TESTIS AND DU
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96 Lindzey and Korach sufficient to
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98 Lindzey and Korach Seminal Vesic
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100 Lindzey and Korach 17. Krege JH
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102 Lindzey and Korach 68. Chang WY
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104 McPhaul on the Y chromosome det
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106 106 McPhaul
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108 McPhaul number of alleles, dele
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110 McPhaul The first mutation of t
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112 McPhaul gene. In vitro studies
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114 McPhaul risk of impaired sperma
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116 McPhaul carrying a single mutan
Page 129 and 130:
118 McPhaul REFERENCES 1. Koopman P
Page 131 and 132:
120 McPhaul 45. Weidemann W, Peters
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122 McPhaul 92. Koivisto P, Kononen
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124 Legro Fig. 1. The spectrum of p
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126 Legro Virilization presents wit
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128 Legro Fig. 3. The paradox of an
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130 Legro small high-density athero
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132 Legro Table 2 Syndromes or Dise
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134 Legro Insulin-Sensitizing Agent
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136 Legro is undetermined according
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138 Legro 39. Lee O, Farquhar C, To
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140 Legro
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142 Wang and Swerdloff PHARMACOLOGY
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144 Wang and Swerdloff The 17α-alk
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146 Wang and Swerdloff Table 2 Dose
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148 Wang and Swerdloff The steroid
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150 Wang and Swerdloff The inabilit
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152 Wang and Swerdloff 15. De Lorim
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154 Wang and Swerdloff
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156 Marcelli et al.
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158 Marcelli et al. Differentiated
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160 Marcelli et al. These coactivat
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162 Marcelli et al. tigators have e
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164 Marcelli et al. AR in Prostate
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166 Marcelli et al. Table 1 Androge
Page 179 and 180: 168 Marcelli et al. A molecular exp
Page 181 and 182: 170 Marcelli et al. The above data
Page 183 and 184: 172 Marcelli et al. up to 9 yr late
Page 185 and 186: 174 Marcelli et al. Three major pha
Page 187 and 188: 176 Marcelli et al. vitro model of
Page 189 and 190: 178 Marcelli et al. yr, survival wa
Page 191 and 192: 180 Marcelli et al. 26. McKenna NJ,
Page 193 and 194: 182 Marcelli et al. 78. Isaacs J, C
Page 195 and 196: 184 Marcelli et al. 126. Watanabe M
Page 197 and 198: 186 Marcelli et al. 177. Kousteni S
Page 199 and 200: 188 Marcelli et al. 231. Colombel M
Page 201 and 202: 190 Marcelli et al.
Page 203 and 204: 192 Wu and von Eckardstein contrace
Page 205 and 206: 194 Wu and von Eckardstein beam com
Page 207 and 208: 196 Wu and von Eckardstein excess o
Page 209 and 210: 198 Wu and von Eckardstein Endogeno
Page 211 and 212: Table 3 Change in Lipids in Hypogon
Page 213 and 214: Table 3 (continued) ∆LDL ∆HDL
Page 215 and 216: 204 Wu and von Eckardstein THE HEMO
Page 217 and 218: 206 Wu and von Eckardstein In vivo
Page 219 and 220: 208 Wu and von Eckardstein (uptake
Page 221 and 222: 210 Wu and von Eckardstein 4. Bhasi
Page 223 and 224: 212 Wu and von Eckardstein 57. Barr
Page 225 and 226: 214 Wu and von Eckardstein 107. Fra
Page 227 and 228: 216 Wu and von Eckardstein 152. Zmu
Page 229: 218 Wu and von Eckardstein 201. Cho
Page 233 and 234: 222 Kenny and Raisz with a cartilag
Page 235 and 236: 224 Kenny and Raisz METABOLISM OF A
Page 237 and 238: 226 Kenny and Raisz The level of th
Page 239 and 240: 228 Kenny and Raisz REFERENCES 1. G
Page 241 and 242: 230 Kenny and Raisz 51. Morishima A
Page 243 and 244: 232 Kenny and Raisz 103. Snyder PJ,
Page 245 and 246: 234 Basaria and Dobs losses in wome
Page 247 and 248: 236 Basaria and Dobs 15 dialysis pa
Page 249 and 250: 238 Basaria and Dobs duced remissio
Page 251 and 252: 240 Basaria and Dobs hematocrit lev
Page 253 and 254: 242 Basaria and Dobs 40. Sanchez-Me
Page 255 and 256: 244 Katznelson in men with testoste
Page 257 and 258: 246 Katznelson Fig. 1. Body weight,
Page 259 and 260: 248 Katznelson change during treatm
Page 261 and 262: 250 Katznelson testosterone or free
Page 263 and 264: 252 Katznelson disproportionate dec
Page 265 and 266: 254 Katznelson have been additional
Page 267 and 268: 256 Katznelson 18. Marin P, Lonn L,
Page 269 and 270: 258 Katznelson 71. Davis SR, McClou
Page 271 and 272: 260 Bancroft Androgen Deficiency an
Page 273 and 274: 262 Bancroft studies had presented
Page 275 and 276: 264 Bancroft Bagatell et al. (36) g
Page 277 and 278: 266 Bancroft much larger group of a
Page 279 and 280: 268 Bancroft In a report of a serie
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270 Bancroft onset was related to a
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272 Bancroft Particularly confusing
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274 Bancroft 4. Studies using place
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276 Bancroft either E and T or plac
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278 Bancroft cytotoxic therapy supp
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280 Bancroft Women with Endocrine A
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282 Bancroft in response to the fil
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284 Bancroft Men are much more awar
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286 Bancroft 22. Morales A, Johnsto
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288 Bancroft 78. Hyde JS, DeLamater
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290 Bancroft 129. Appelt H, Strauss
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292 Cherrier and Craft Fig. 1. Path
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294 Cherrier and Craft ment of the
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296 Cherrier and Craft information
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298 Cherrier and Craft Fig. 3. Wech
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300 Cherrier and Craft gen excess r
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302 Cherrier and Craft occurring wi
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304 Cherrier and Craft gesting that
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306 Cherrier and Craft 39. Gouchie
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308 Cherrier and Craft 94. Kelso WM
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310 Cherrier and Craft
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312 Matsumoto
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314 Matsumoto long-term benefits an
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316 Matsumoto manifestations (7). F
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318 Formulation Usual adult dosage
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320 Matsumoto Fig. 1. Mean serum T
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322 Matsumoto dosage is increased g
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324 Matsumoto Androgel 5 g (50 mg o
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326 Matsumoto gen receptor and tiss
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328 Matsumoto such as hepatic cirrh
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330 Matsumoto occasionally, more se
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332 Matsumoto 27. Bhasin S, Bremner
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334 Matsumoto 77. Dobs AS, Meikle A
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336 Richmond and Rogol PHYSIOLOGY O
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338 Richmond and Rogol activity (28
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340 Richmond and Rogol increase lin
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342 Richmond and Rogol curve, the h
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344 Richmond and Rogol Permanent hy
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346 Richmond and Rogol 46. Stanhope
Page 359 and 360:
348 Tenover In aging men, the combi
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350 Tenover Table 1 Changes in Andr
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352 Tenover studies in which eugona
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354 Tenover Table 3 Testosterone Th
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356 Tenover Table 5 ART in Older Me
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358 Tenover be overcome with either
Page 371 and 372:
360 Tenover Laboratory tests should
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362 Tenover 40. Kohrt WM, Malley MT
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364 Tenover 95. Mooradian AD, Morle
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366 Davis Table 1 Proposed Androgen
Page 379 and 380:
368 Davis transdermal testosterone
Page 381 and 382:
370 Davis increase in circulating t
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372 Davis (93). Most recently, Zhou
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374 Davis Table 4 Androgen Replacem
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376 Davis 8. Vierhapper H, Nowotny
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378 Davis 60. Simberg N, Titinen A,
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380 Davis
Page 393 and 394:
382 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer h
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384 Table 2 Effects of Testosterone
Page 397 and 398:
386 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer e
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388 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer F
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390 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer t
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Table 3 Effects of Testosterone Sup
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Table 4 Effects of Testosterone Sup
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396 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer c
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398 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer C
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400 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer w
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402 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer 4
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404 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer
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406 Amory Fig. 1. The endocrinology
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408 Amory pregnancies fathered by t
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410 Amory antagonists can suppress
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412 Amory 100-mg doses of weekly TE
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414 Amory FUTURE DIRECTIONS Given t
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416 Amory 22. Oral contraception. I
Page 429 and 430:
418 Amory
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420 Anawalt inadequate androgen eff
Page 433 and 434:
422 Anawalt few specialty commercia
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424 Anawalt Fig. 1. (C) Secondary h
Page 437 and 438:
426 Anawalt Fig. 2. Evaluation and
Page 439 and 440:
428 Anawalt All men with secondary
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430 Anawalt anemia (38). With the a
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432 Anawalt osterone levels achieve
Page 445 and 446:
434 Anawalt SIDE EFFECTS OF ANDROGE
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436 Anawalt 7. Rosner W. Errors in
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438 Anawalt 59. Mackey MA, Conway A
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440 Index polycystic ovaries, 131 A
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442 Index lipoid congenital adrenal
Page 455 and 456:
444 Index women, 254 dihydrotestost
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446 Index Pituitary adenoma, male h
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448 Index lipoid congenital adrenal
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