Androgens in Health and Disease.pdf - E Library

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Chapter 3/Hypogonadism in Men 73 75. Wooster R, Mangion J, Eeles R, et al. A germline mutation in the androgen receptor gene in two brothers with breast cancer and Reifenstein syndrome. Nat Genet 1992;2:132. 76. Aiman J, Griffin JE, Gazak JM, et al. Androgen insensitivity as a cause of infertility in otherwise normal men. N Engl J Med 1979;300:223. 77. Ballew JW, Masters WH. Mumps, a cause of infertility. I. Present consideration. Fertil Steril 1954;5:536. 78. Savran J. Diethylstilbestrol in prevention of orchitis following mumps. Rhode Island Med J 1946;29:662. 79. Mongon ES. The treatment of mumps orchitis with prednisone. Am J Med Sci 1959;237:749. 80. Charney CW. The spermatogenic potential for the undescended testis before and after treatment. J Urol 1960;83:697. 81. Rajfer J, Walsh PC. Testicular descent: normal and abnormal. Urol Clin North Am 1978;5:223. 82. Albescu JZ, Bergada C, Cullen M. Male fertility in patients treated for cryptorchidism before puberty. Fertil Steril 1971;22:829. 83. Rajfer J, Handelsman DJ, Swerdloff RS, et al. Hormonal therapy of cryptorchidism. A randomized double-blind study comparing human chorionic gonadotropin and gonadotropin releasing hormone. N Engl J Med 1986;314:466. 84. Shilo S, Livshin Y, Sheskin J, Spitz IM. Gonadal function in lepromatous leprosy. Lepr Rev 1981;52:127. 85. Kannan V, Vijaya G. Endocrine testicular functions in leprosy. Horm Metab Res 1984;16:146. 86. Rowley MJ, Leach DR, Warner GA, Heller CG. Effect of graded doses of ionizing radiation in the human testis. Radiat Res 1974;59:665. 87. Paulsen CA. The study of irradiation effects on the human testis, including histologic, chromosomal and hormonal aspects. Final progress report of AEC contract AT(45-1)-2225, Task Agreement 6. RLO-2225-2, 1973. 88. Clifton DK, Bremner WJ. The effect of testicular x-irradiation on spermatogenesis in man. J Androl 1983;4:387. 89. Handelsman DJ, Turtle JR. Testicular damage after radioactive iodine ( 131 I) therapy for thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1983;18:465. 90. Haas GGJ, Cines DB, Schreiber AD. Immunologic infertility: identification of patients with antisperm antibody. N Engl J Med 1980;303:722. 91. Elder M, Maclaren N, Riley W. Gonadal autoantibodies in patients with hypogonadism and/or Addison’s disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981;52:1137. 92. Schilsky RL, Lewis BJ, Sherins RJ, Young RC. Gonadal dysfunction in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer. Ann Intern Med 1980;93:109. 93. Shalet SM. Disorders of the endocrine system due to radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1983;18:637. 94. Chapman RM, Sutcliffe SB, Rees LH, et al. Cyclical combination chemotherapy and gonadal function. Lancet 1979;1:285. 95. Friedman NM, Plymate SR. Leydig cell dysfunction and gynaecomastia in adult males treated with alkylating agents. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1980;12:553. 96. Kallmann FJ, Schoenfeld WA, Barrera SE. The genetic aspects of primary eunuchoidism. Am J Ment Defic 1944;48:203. 97. Takeda T, Takasu N, Yamauchi K, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the hypoplasia of the rhinencephalon in a patient with Kallman’s syndrome. Intern Med 1992;31:394. 98. Santen RJ, Paulsen CA. Hypogonadotropic eunuchoidism, I. Clinical study of the mode of inheritance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1973;36:47. 99. Herzog AG, Seibel MM, Schomer DL, et al. Reproductive endocrine disorders in men with partial seizures of temporal lobe origin. Arch Neurol 1986;43:347. 100. Merriam GR, Beitins IZ, Bode HH. Father-to-son transmission of hypogonadism with anosmia: Kallmann’s syndrome. Am J Dis Child 1977;131:1216. 101. Hermanussen M, Sippell WG. Heterogeneity of Kallmann’s syndrome. Clin Genet 1985;28:106. 102. Henkin RF, Barter FC. Olfactory thresholds in normal men and in patients with adrenocortical insufficiency. J Clin Invest 1966;45:1631. 103. Schwankhaus JD, Currie J, Jaffe MJ, et al. Neurological findings in men with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Neurology 1989;39:223.
74 Plymate 104. Yoshimoto Y, Moridera K, Imura H. Restoration of normal pituitary gonadotropin reserve by administration of luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. N Engl J Med 1975;292:242. 105. Spratt DI, Finkelstein JS, O’Dea LS, et al. Long-term administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. A model for studies of the hormone’s physiologic effects. Ann Intern Med 1986;105:848. 106. Hoffman AR, Crowley WF Jr. Induction of puberty in men by long-term pulsatile administration of low-dose gonadotropin-releasing hormone. N Engl J Med 1982;307:1237. 107. Bremner WJ, Fernando NN, Paulsen CA. The effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in hypogonadotrophic eunuchoidism. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1977;85:1. 108. Gauthier G. Olfacto-genital dysplasia (agenesis of the olfactory lobes) with absence of gonadal development at puberty. Acta Neurochir 1960;21:345. 109. Bardin CW, Ross GT, Rifkind AB, et al. Studies of the pituitary–Leydig cell axis in young men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and hyposmia: comparison with normal men, prepubertal boys, and hypopituitary patients. J Clin Invest 1969;48:2046. 110. Boyar RM, Finkelstein JW, Witkin M, et al. Studies of endocrine function in isolated gonadotropin deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1973;36:64. 111. Dunkel L. Metoclopramide test in the diagnosis of isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1986;111:241. 112. Winters SJ. How to diagnose delayed puberty? Int J Androl 1984;7:177. 113. Pasqualini RW, Bur GE. Hypoandrogenic syndrome with spermatogenesis. Fertil Steril 1955;6:144. 114. Faiman C, Hoffman RJ, Ryan RJ, Albert A. The “fertile eunuch” syndrome: demonstration of isolated luteinizing hormone deficiency by radioimmunoassay technique. Mayo Clin Proc 1968;43:661. 115. McCullagh EP, Beck JC, Jones HW. A syndrome of eunuchoidism with spermatogenesis, normal urinary FSH and low or normal ICSH (fertile “eunuchs”). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1953;13:489. 116. Al-Ansari AA, Khalil TH, Kelani Y, Mortimer CH. Isolated follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency in men: successful long-term gonadotropin therapy. Fertil Steril 1984;42:618. 117. Mozaffarian GA, Higley M, Paulsen CA. Clinical studies in an adult male patient with “isolated follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) deficiency.” J Androl 1983;4:393. 118. Maroulis G, Parlow AF, Marshall JR. Isolated follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency in man. Fertil Steril 1977;28:818. 119. Rodman EF, Goodman R. Prolactinomas in males. In: Olefsky JM, Robbins RJ, eds. Prolactinomas— Contemporary Issues in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1986, vol 2, p. 115. 120. Carter JN, Tyson JE, Tolis G, et al. Prolactin-secreting tumors and hypogonadism in 22 men. N Engl J Med 1978;299:847. 121. Greenspan SL, Neer RM, Ridgway EC, Klibanski A. Osteoporosis in men with hyperprolactinemic hypogonadism. Ann Intern Med 1986;104:777. 122. Spark RF, Wills CA, Royal H. Hypogonadism, hyperprolactinaemia, and temporal lobe epilepsy in hyposexual men. Lancet 1984;1:413. 123. Winters SJ, Troen P. Altered pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone in hypogonadal men with hyperprolactinaemia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1984;21:257. 124. Fuchs E, Mansky T, Stock KW, et al. Involvement of catecholamines and glutamate in gabaergic mechanisms regulatory to luteinizing hormone and prolactin. Neuroendocrinology 1984;38:484. 125. Murray FT, Cameron DF, Ketchum C. Return of gonadal function in men with prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984;59:79. 126. Plymate SR, Vaughan GM, Mason AD Jr, Pruitt BA Jr. Central hypogonadism in burned men. Horm Res 1987;27:152. 127. Friedl KE, Plymate SR, Bernhard WN, Mohr LC. Elevation of plasma estradiol in healthy men during a mountaineering expedition. Horm Metab Res 1988;20:239. 128. Veldhuis JD, Sowers JR, Rogol AD, et al. Pathophysiology of male hypogonadism associated with endogenous hyperestrogenism. Evidence for dual defects in the gonadal axis. N Engl J Med 1985;312:1371. 129. Dolecek R, Dvoracek C, Jezek M, et al. Very low serum testosterone levels and severe impairment of spermatogenesis in burned male patients. Correlations with basal levels and levels of FSH, LH and PRL after GNRH + TRH. Endocrinology Exp 1983;17:33.
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CONTEMPORARY ENDOCRINOLOGY Androgen
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CONTEMPORARY ENDOCRINOLOGY P. Micha
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© 2003 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
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vi Preface We hope Androgens in Hea
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viii Contents 13 Androgens and Body
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x Contributors RICHARD S. LEGRO, MD
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2 Winters and Clark
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4 Winters and Clark chorionic gonad
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6 Winters and Clark LH REGULATION O
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8 Winters and Clark These enzymes a
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10 Winters and Clark -subunit mRNA
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12 Winters and Clark Fig. 3. A sche
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14 Winters and Clark Table 1 Factor
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16 Winters and Clark Table 2 Tissue
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18 Winters and Clark 11. Thomas JL,
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20 Winters and Clark 61. Dufau ML,
Page 33 and 34: 22 Winters and Clark 112. Raivio T,
Page 35 and 36: 24 Brown Fig. 1. Mechanism for andr
Page 37 and 38: 26 Brown increase in intracellular
Page 39 and 40: 28 Brown Fig. 2. Structural and fun
Page 41 and 42: 30 Brown Fig. 3. Amino acid sequenc
Page 43 and 44: 32 Brown tions to shuttle the AR th
Page 45 and 46: 34 Brown Fig. 4. Amino acid primary
Page 47 and 48: 36 Brown part of an inactive chroma
Page 49 and 50: 38 Brown the external genitalia is
Page 51 and 52: 40 Brown tors, as well as the trans
Page 53 and 54: 42 Brown 49. Williams SP, Sigler PB
Page 55 and 56: 44 Brown 100. Gregory CW, He B, Joh
Page 57 and 58: 46 Plymate Table 1 Classification o
Page 59 and 60: 48 Plymate In addition to the direc
Page 61 and 62: 50 Plymate LABORATORY FINDINGS In p
Page 63 and 64: 52 Plymate those manifesting as phe
Page 65 and 66: 54 Plymate result in some improveme
Page 67 and 68: 56 Plymate If both testosterone and
Page 69 and 70: 58 Plymate Persistent Müllerian Du
Page 71 and 72: 60 Plymate INFERTILITY RESULTING FR
Page 73 and 74: 62 Plymate unaffected, contralatera
Page 75 and 76: 64 Plymate SECONDARY HYPOGONADISM H
Page 77 and 78: 66 Plymate Other syndromes manifest
Page 79 and 80: 68 Plymate period after the burn. I
Page 81 and 82: 70 Plymate These findings suggest t
Page 83: 72 Plymate 49. Goebelsmann U, Horto
Page 87 and 88: 76 Plymate
Page 89 and 90: 78 Sutton, Amory, and Clark levels
Page 91 and 92: 80 Sutton, Amory, and Clark cebo in
Page 93 and 94: 82 Sutton, Amory, and Clark Finaste
Page 95 and 96: 84 Sutton, Amory, and Clark through
Page 97 and 98: 86 Sutton, Amory, and Clark 40. The
Page 99 and 100: 88 Sutton, Amory, and Clark 88. Rob
Page 101 and 102: 90 Lindzey and Korach Fig. 1. Cellu
Page 103 and 104: 92 Lindzey and Korach estrogen sign
Page 105 and 106: 94 Lindzey and Korach TESTIS AND DU
Page 107 and 108: 96 Lindzey and Korach sufficient to
Page 109 and 110: 98 Lindzey and Korach Seminal Vesic
Page 111 and 112: 100 Lindzey and Korach 17. Krege JH
Page 113 and 114: 102 Lindzey and Korach 68. Chang WY
Page 115 and 116: 104 McPhaul on the Y chromosome det
Page 117 and 118: 106 106 McPhaul
Page 119 and 120: 108 McPhaul number of alleles, dele
Page 121 and 122: 110 McPhaul The first mutation of t
Page 123 and 124: 112 McPhaul gene. In vitro studies
Page 125 and 126: 114 McPhaul risk of impaired sperma
Page 127 and 128: 116 McPhaul carrying a single mutan
Page 129 and 130: 118 McPhaul REFERENCES 1. Koopman P
Page 131 and 132: 120 McPhaul 45. Weidemann W, Peters
Page 133 and 134: 122 McPhaul 92. Koivisto P, Kononen
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124 Legro Fig. 1. The spectrum of p
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126 Legro Virilization presents wit
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128 Legro Fig. 3. The paradox of an
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130 Legro small high-density athero
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132 Legro Table 2 Syndromes or Dise
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134 Legro Insulin-Sensitizing Agent
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136 Legro is undetermined according
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138 Legro 39. Lee O, Farquhar C, To
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140 Legro
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142 Wang and Swerdloff PHARMACOLOGY
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144 Wang and Swerdloff The 17α-alk
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146 Wang and Swerdloff Table 2 Dose
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148 Wang and Swerdloff The steroid
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150 Wang and Swerdloff The inabilit
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152 Wang and Swerdloff 15. De Lorim
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154 Wang and Swerdloff
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156 Marcelli et al.
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158 Marcelli et al. Differentiated
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160 Marcelli et al. These coactivat
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162 Marcelli et al. tigators have e
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164 Marcelli et al. AR in Prostate
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166 Marcelli et al. Table 1 Androge
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168 Marcelli et al. A molecular exp
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170 Marcelli et al. The above data
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172 Marcelli et al. up to 9 yr late
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174 Marcelli et al. Three major pha
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176 Marcelli et al. vitro model of
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178 Marcelli et al. yr, survival wa
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180 Marcelli et al. 26. McKenna NJ,
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182 Marcelli et al. 78. Isaacs J, C
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184 Marcelli et al. 126. Watanabe M
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186 Marcelli et al. 177. Kousteni S
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188 Marcelli et al. 231. Colombel M
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190 Marcelli et al.
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192 Wu and von Eckardstein contrace
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194 Wu and von Eckardstein beam com
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196 Wu and von Eckardstein excess o
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198 Wu and von Eckardstein Endogeno
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Table 3 Change in Lipids in Hypogon
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Table 3 (continued) ∆LDL ∆HDL
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204 Wu and von Eckardstein THE HEMO
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206 Wu and von Eckardstein In vivo
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208 Wu and von Eckardstein (uptake
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210 Wu and von Eckardstein 4. Bhasi
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212 Wu and von Eckardstein 57. Barr
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214 Wu and von Eckardstein 107. Fra
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216 Wu and von Eckardstein 152. Zmu
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218 Wu and von Eckardstein 201. Cho
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220 Wu and von Eckardstein 250. Eic
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222 Kenny and Raisz with a cartilag
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224 Kenny and Raisz METABOLISM OF A
Page 237 and 238:
226 Kenny and Raisz The level of th
Page 239 and 240:
228 Kenny and Raisz REFERENCES 1. G
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230 Kenny and Raisz 51. Morishima A
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232 Kenny and Raisz 103. Snyder PJ,
Page 245 and 246:
234 Basaria and Dobs losses in wome
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236 Basaria and Dobs 15 dialysis pa
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238 Basaria and Dobs duced remissio
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240 Basaria and Dobs hematocrit lev
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242 Basaria and Dobs 40. Sanchez-Me
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244 Katznelson in men with testoste
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246 Katznelson Fig. 1. Body weight,
Page 259 and 260:
248 Katznelson change during treatm
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250 Katznelson testosterone or free
Page 263 and 264:
252 Katznelson disproportionate dec
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254 Katznelson have been additional
Page 267 and 268:
256 Katznelson 18. Marin P, Lonn L,
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258 Katznelson 71. Davis SR, McClou
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260 Bancroft Androgen Deficiency an
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262 Bancroft studies had presented
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264 Bancroft Bagatell et al. (36) g
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266 Bancroft much larger group of a
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268 Bancroft In a report of a serie
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270 Bancroft onset was related to a
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272 Bancroft Particularly confusing
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274 Bancroft 4. Studies using place
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276 Bancroft either E and T or plac
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278 Bancroft cytotoxic therapy supp
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280 Bancroft Women with Endocrine A
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282 Bancroft in response to the fil
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284 Bancroft Men are much more awar
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286 Bancroft 22. Morales A, Johnsto
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288 Bancroft 78. Hyde JS, DeLamater
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290 Bancroft 129. Appelt H, Strauss
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292 Cherrier and Craft Fig. 1. Path
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294 Cherrier and Craft ment of the
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296 Cherrier and Craft information
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298 Cherrier and Craft Fig. 3. Wech
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300 Cherrier and Craft gen excess r
Page 313 and 314:
302 Cherrier and Craft occurring wi
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304 Cherrier and Craft gesting that
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306 Cherrier and Craft 39. Gouchie
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308 Cherrier and Craft 94. Kelso WM
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310 Cherrier and Craft
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312 Matsumoto
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314 Matsumoto long-term benefits an
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316 Matsumoto manifestations (7). F
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318 Formulation Usual adult dosage
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320 Matsumoto Fig. 1. Mean serum T
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322 Matsumoto dosage is increased g
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324 Matsumoto Androgel 5 g (50 mg o
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326 Matsumoto gen receptor and tiss
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328 Matsumoto such as hepatic cirrh
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330 Matsumoto occasionally, more se
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332 Matsumoto 27. Bhasin S, Bremner
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334 Matsumoto 77. Dobs AS, Meikle A
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336 Richmond and Rogol PHYSIOLOGY O
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338 Richmond and Rogol activity (28
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340 Richmond and Rogol increase lin
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342 Richmond and Rogol curve, the h
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344 Richmond and Rogol Permanent hy
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346 Richmond and Rogol 46. Stanhope
Page 359 and 360:
348 Tenover In aging men, the combi
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350 Tenover Table 1 Changes in Andr
Page 363 and 364:
352 Tenover studies in which eugona
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354 Tenover Table 3 Testosterone Th
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356 Tenover Table 5 ART in Older Me
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358 Tenover be overcome with either
Page 371 and 372:
360 Tenover Laboratory tests should
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362 Tenover 40. Kohrt WM, Malley MT
Page 375 and 376:
364 Tenover 95. Mooradian AD, Morle
Page 377 and 378:
366 Davis Table 1 Proposed Androgen
Page 379 and 380:
368 Davis transdermal testosterone
Page 381 and 382:
370 Davis increase in circulating t
Page 383 and 384:
372 Davis (93). Most recently, Zhou
Page 385 and 386:
374 Davis Table 4 Androgen Replacem
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376 Davis 8. Vierhapper H, Nowotny
Page 389 and 390:
378 Davis 60. Simberg N, Titinen A,
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380 Davis
Page 393 and 394:
382 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer h
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384 Table 2 Effects of Testosterone
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386 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer e
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388 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer F
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390 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer t
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Table 3 Effects of Testosterone Sup
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Table 4 Effects of Testosterone Sup
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396 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer c
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398 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer C
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400 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer w
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402 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer 4
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404 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer
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406 Amory Fig. 1. The endocrinology
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408 Amory pregnancies fathered by t
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410 Amory antagonists can suppress
Page 423 and 424:
412 Amory 100-mg doses of weekly TE
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414 Amory FUTURE DIRECTIONS Given t
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416 Amory 22. Oral contraception. I
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418 Amory
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420 Anawalt inadequate androgen eff
Page 433 and 434:
422 Anawalt few specialty commercia
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424 Anawalt Fig. 1. (C) Secondary h
Page 437 and 438:
426 Anawalt Fig. 2. Evaluation and
Page 439 and 440:
428 Anawalt All men with secondary
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430 Anawalt anemia (38). With the a
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432 Anawalt osterone levels achieve
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434 Anawalt SIDE EFFECTS OF ANDROGE
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436 Anawalt 7. Rosner W. Errors in
Page 449 and 450:
438 Anawalt 59. Mackey MA, Conway A
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440 Index polycystic ovaries, 131 A
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442 Index lipoid congenital adrenal
Page 455 and 456:
444 Index women, 254 dihydrotestost
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446 Index Pituitary adenoma, male h
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448 Index lipoid congenital adrenal
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