Androgens in Health and Disease.pdf - E Library

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Chapter 1/Testosterone Synthesis, Transport, and Metabolism 19 35. Martin G, Pilon A, Albert C, et al. Comparison of expression and regulation of the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI and the low-density lipoprotein receptor in human adrenocortical carcinoma NCI-H295 cells. Eur J Biochem 1999;261:481–491. 36. Lin D, Sugawara T, Strauss JF 3rd, et al. Role of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis. Science 1995;267:1828–1831. 37. Clark BJ, Wells J, King SR, Stocco DM. The purification, cloning, and expression of a novel luteinizing hormone-induced mitochondrial protein in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. Characterization of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). J Biol Chem 1994;269:28,314–28,322. 38. Sugawara T, Holt JA, Driscoll D, et al. Human steroidogenic acute regulatory protein: functional activity in COS-1 cells, tissue-specific expression, and mapping of the structural gene to 8p11.2 and a pseudogene to chromosome 13. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:4778–4782. 39. Clark BJ, Combs R, Hales KH, et al. Inhibition of transcription affects synthesis of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and steroidogenesis in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. Endocrinology 1997;138:4893–4901. 40. Miller WL, Strauss JF 3rd. Molecular pathology and mechanism of action of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StAR. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1999;69:131–141. 41. Stocco, DM. Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. Vitam Horm 1999;55:399–441. 42. Kagawa N, Bischof LJ, Cheng PY, et al. Biochemical diversity of peptide-hormone-dependent regulation of steroidogenic P450s. Drug Metab Rev 1999;31:333–342. 43. Waldstreicher J, Seminara SB, Jameson JL, et al. The genetic and clinical heterogeneity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in the human. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996:81:4388–4395. 44. Themmen APN, Huhtaniemi IT. Mutations of gonadotropins and gonadotropin receptors: elucidating the physiology and pathophysiology of pituitary-gonadal function. Endocr Rev 2000;21:551–583. 45. Zhang FP, Poutanen M, Wilbertz J, et al. Normal prenatal but arrested postnatal sexual development of luteinizing hormone receptor knockout (LuRKO) mice. Mol Endocrinol 2001;15:172–183. 46. El-Gehani F, Tena-Sempere M, Huhtaniemi I. Evidence that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide is a potent regulator of fetal rat testicular steroidogenesis. Biol Reprod 2000;63:1482–1489. 47. Mannaerts B, de Leeuw R, Geelen J, et al. Comparative in vitro and in vivo studies on the biological characteristics of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone. Endocrinology 1991;129: 2623–2630. 48. Majumdar SS, Winters SJ, Plant TM. A study of the relative roles of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in the regulation of testicular inhibin secretion in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Endocrinology 1997;138:1363–1373. 49. Young J, Couzinet B, Chanson P, et al. Effects of human recombinant luteinizing hormone and folliclestimulating hormone in patients with acquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: study of Sertoli and Leydig cell secretions and interactions. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:3239–3244. 50. Manna PR, El-Hefnawy T, Kero J, et al. Biphasic action of prolactin in the regulation of murine Leydig tumor cell functions. Endocrinology 2001;142:308–318. 51. Bex FJ, Bartke A. Testicular LH binding in the hamster: modification by photoperiod and prolactin. Endocrinology 1977;100:1223–1226. 52. Weiss-Messer E, Ber R, Barkey RJ. Prolactin and MA-10 Leydig cell steroidogenesis: biphasic effects of prolactin and signal transduction. Endocrinology 1996;137:5509–5518. 53. Steger RW, Chandrashekar V, Zhao W, et al. Neuroendocrine and reproductive functions in male mice with targeted disruption of the prolactin gene. Endocrinology 1998;13:3691–3695. 54. Winters SJ, Troen P. Altered pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone in hypogonadal men with hyperprolactinemia. Clin Endocrinol 1984;21:257–263. 55. Bartke A. Effects of growth hormone on male reproductive function. J Androl 2000;21:181–188. 56. Benton L, Shan LX, Hardy MP. Differentiation of adult Leydig cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1995;53:61–68. 57. Baker J, Liu JP, Robertson EJ, et al. Role of insulin-like growth factors in embryonic and postnatal growth. Cell 1993;75:73–82. 58. Juul A, Andersson AM, Pedersen SA, et al. Effects of growth hormone replacement therapy on IGFrelated parameters and on the pituitary-gonadal axis in GH-deficient men. Horm Res 1998;49: 269–278. 59. Carani C, Granata AR, De Rosa M, et al. The effect of chronic treatment with GH on gonadal function in men with isolated GH deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol 1999;140:224–230. 60. Manna PR, Tena-Sempere M, Huhtaniemi IT. Molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone-stimulated steroidogenesis in mouse leydig tumor cells. Involvement of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. J Biol Chem 1999;274:5909–5918.
20 Winters and Clark 61. Dufau ML, Tinajero JC, Fabbri A. Corticotropin-releasing factor: an antireproductive hormone of the testis. FASEB 1993;7:299–307. 62. Calkins JH, Sigel MM, Nankin HR, et al. Interleukin-1 inhibits Leydig cell steroidogenesis in primary culture. Endocrinology 1988;123:1605–1610. 63. Lejeune H, Chuzel F, Sanchez P, et al. Stimulating effect of both human recombinant inhibin A and activin A on immature porcine Leydig cell functions in vitro. Endocrinology 1997;138:4783–4791. 64. Nes WD, Lukyanenko YO, Jia ZH, et al. Identification of the lipophilic factor produced by macrophages that stimulates steroidogenesis. Endocrinology 2000;141:953–958. 65. Pelletier G, Labrie C, Labrie F. Localization of oestrogen receptor alpha, oestrogen receptor beta and androgen receptors in the rat reproductive organs. J Endocrinol 2000;165:359–370. 66. Burgos-Trinidad M, Youngblood GL, Maroto MR, et al. Repression of cAMP-induced expression of the mouse P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase gene (Cyp17) by androgens. Mol Endocrinol 1997;11:87–96. 67. Abney TO. The potential roles of estrogens in regulating Leydig cell development and function: a review. Steroids 1999;64:610–617. 68. Sankar BR, Maran RR, Sivakumar R, et al. Chronic administration of corticosterone impairs LH signal transduction and steroidogenesis in rat Leydig cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2000;72: 155–162. 69. Goldsmith PC, Thind KK, Song T, et al. Location of the neuroendocrine gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the monkey hypothalamus by retrograde tracing and immunostaining. J Neuroendocrinol 1990;2:157–168. 70. Caraty A, Locatelli A. Effect of time after castration on secretion of LHRH and LH in the ram. J Reprod Fertil 1988;82:263–269. 71. Shupnik MA. Gonadotropin gene modulation by steroids and gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Biol Reprod 1996;54:279–286. 72. Marshall JC, Dalkin AC, Haisenleder DJ, et al. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulses: regulators of gonadotropin synthesis and ovulatory cycles. Recent Prog Horm Res 1991;47:155–187. 73. Chedrese PJ, Kay TW, Jameson JL. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels in alpha T3 cells by increasing transcription and mRNA stability. Endocrinology 1994;134:2475–2481. 74. Kaiser UB, Jakubowiak A, Steinberger A, Chin WW. Regulation of rat pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNA levels in vivo and in vitro. Endocrinology 1993;133:931–934. 75. Chase DJ, Schanbacher BD, Lunstra DD. Effects of pulsatile and continuous luteinizing hormone (LH) infusions on testosterone responses to LH in rams actively immunized against gonadotropinreleasing hormone. Endocrinology 1988;123:816–826. 76. Saez JM, Forest MG. Kinetics of human chorionic gonadotropin-induced steroidogenic response of the human testis. I. Plasma testosterone: Implications for human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation test. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1979;49:278–283. 77. Hsueh AJ, Dufau ML, Catt KJ. Gonadotropin-induced regulation of luteinizing hormone receptors and desensitization of testicular 3':5'-cyclic AMP and testosterone responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1977;74:592–595. 78. Chuzel F, Schteingart H, Vigier M, et al. Transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of luteotropin/chorionic gonadotropin receptor by the agonist in Leydig cells. Eur J Biochem 1995;229:316–325. 79. Santen RJ. Is aromatization of testosterone estradiol required for inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion in men? J Clin Invest 1975;56:1555–1563. 80. Winters SJ, Ishizaka K, Kitahara S, et al. Effects of testosterone on gonadotropin subunit messenger RNAs in the presence or absence of GnRH. Endocrinology 1992;130:726–735. 81. Winters S, Sherins RJ, Troen P. The gonadotropin suppressive activity of androgen is increased in elderly men. Metabolism 1984;33:1052–1059. 82. Boyar RM, Moore RJ, Rosner W, et al. Studies of gonadotropin–gonadal dynamics in patients with androgen insensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1978;47:1116–1122. 83. Finkelstein JS, Whitcomb RW, O’Dea LS, et al. Sex steroid control of gonadotropin secretion in the human male. I. Effects of testosterone administration in normal and gonadotropin-releasing hormonedeficient men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;73:609–620. 84. Plant TM, Dubey AK. Evidence from the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) for the view that negative feedback control of luteinizing hormone secretion by the testis is mediated by a deceleration of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency. Endocrinology 1984;115:2145–2153. 85. Kawakami S, Winters SJ. Regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion and subunit messenger ribonucleic acid expression by gonadal steroids in perifused pituitary cells from male monkeys and rats. Endocrinology 1999;140:3587–3593.
Page 1 and 2: CONTEMPORARY ENDOCRINOLOGY Androgen
Page 3 and 4: CONTEMPORARY ENDOCRINOLOGY P. Micha
Page 5 and 6: © 2003 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
Page 7 and 8: vi Preface We hope Androgens in Hea
Page 9 and 10: viii Contents 13 Androgens and Body
Page 11 and 12: x Contributors RICHARD S. LEGRO, MD
Page 13 and 14: 2 Winters and Clark
Page 15 and 16: 4 Winters and Clark chorionic gonad
Page 17 and 18: 6 Winters and Clark LH REGULATION O
Page 19 and 20: 8 Winters and Clark These enzymes a
Page 21 and 22: 10 Winters and Clark -subunit mRNA
Page 23 and 24: 12 Winters and Clark Fig. 3. A sche
Page 25 and 26: 14 Winters and Clark Table 1 Factor
Page 27 and 28: 16 Winters and Clark Table 2 Tissue
Page 29: 18 Winters and Clark 11. Thomas JL,
Page 33 and 34: 22 Winters and Clark 112. Raivio T,
Page 35 and 36: 24 Brown Fig. 1. Mechanism for andr
Page 37 and 38: 26 Brown increase in intracellular
Page 39 and 40: 28 Brown Fig. 2. Structural and fun
Page 41 and 42: 30 Brown Fig. 3. Amino acid sequenc
Page 43 and 44: 32 Brown tions to shuttle the AR th
Page 45 and 46: 34 Brown Fig. 4. Amino acid primary
Page 47 and 48: 36 Brown part of an inactive chroma
Page 49 and 50: 38 Brown the external genitalia is
Page 51 and 52: 40 Brown tors, as well as the trans
Page 53 and 54: 42 Brown 49. Williams SP, Sigler PB
Page 55 and 56: 44 Brown 100. Gregory CW, He B, Joh
Page 57 and 58: 46 Plymate Table 1 Classification o
Page 59 and 60: 48 Plymate In addition to the direc
Page 61 and 62: 50 Plymate LABORATORY FINDINGS In p
Page 63 and 64: 52 Plymate those manifesting as phe
Page 65 and 66: 54 Plymate result in some improveme
Page 67 and 68: 56 Plymate If both testosterone and
Page 69 and 70: 58 Plymate Persistent Müllerian Du
Page 71 and 72: 60 Plymate INFERTILITY RESULTING FR
Page 73 and 74: 62 Plymate unaffected, contralatera
Page 75 and 76: 64 Plymate SECONDARY HYPOGONADISM H
Page 77 and 78: 66 Plymate Other syndromes manifest
Page 79 and 80: 68 Plymate period after the burn. I
Page 81 and 82:
70 Plymate These findings suggest t
Page 83 and 84:
72 Plymate 49. Goebelsmann U, Horto
Page 85 and 86:
74 Plymate 104. Yoshimoto Y, Moride
Page 87 and 88:
76 Plymate
Page 89 and 90:
78 Sutton, Amory, and Clark levels
Page 91 and 92:
80 Sutton, Amory, and Clark cebo in
Page 93 and 94:
82 Sutton, Amory, and Clark Finaste
Page 95 and 96:
84 Sutton, Amory, and Clark through
Page 97 and 98:
86 Sutton, Amory, and Clark 40. The
Page 99 and 100:
88 Sutton, Amory, and Clark 88. Rob
Page 101 and 102:
90 Lindzey and Korach Fig. 1. Cellu
Page 103 and 104:
92 Lindzey and Korach estrogen sign
Page 105 and 106:
94 Lindzey and Korach TESTIS AND DU
Page 107 and 108:
96 Lindzey and Korach sufficient to
Page 109 and 110:
98 Lindzey and Korach Seminal Vesic
Page 111 and 112:
100 Lindzey and Korach 17. Krege JH
Page 113 and 114:
102 Lindzey and Korach 68. Chang WY
Page 115 and 116:
104 McPhaul on the Y chromosome det
Page 117 and 118:
106 106 McPhaul
Page 119 and 120:
108 McPhaul number of alleles, dele
Page 121 and 122:
110 McPhaul The first mutation of t
Page 123 and 124:
112 McPhaul gene. In vitro studies
Page 125 and 126:
114 McPhaul risk of impaired sperma
Page 127 and 128:
116 McPhaul carrying a single mutan
Page 129 and 130:
118 McPhaul REFERENCES 1. Koopman P
Page 131 and 132:
120 McPhaul 45. Weidemann W, Peters
Page 133 and 134:
122 McPhaul 92. Koivisto P, Kononen
Page 135 and 136:
124 Legro Fig. 1. The spectrum of p
Page 137 and 138:
126 Legro Virilization presents wit
Page 139 and 140:
128 Legro Fig. 3. The paradox of an
Page 141 and 142:
130 Legro small high-density athero
Page 143 and 144:
132 Legro Table 2 Syndromes or Dise
Page 145 and 146:
134 Legro Insulin-Sensitizing Agent
Page 147 and 148:
136 Legro is undetermined according
Page 149 and 150:
138 Legro 39. Lee O, Farquhar C, To
Page 151 and 152:
140 Legro
Page 153 and 154:
142 Wang and Swerdloff PHARMACOLOGY
Page 155 and 156:
144 Wang and Swerdloff The 17α-alk
Page 157 and 158:
146 Wang and Swerdloff Table 2 Dose
Page 159 and 160:
148 Wang and Swerdloff The steroid
Page 161 and 162:
150 Wang and Swerdloff The inabilit
Page 163 and 164:
152 Wang and Swerdloff 15. De Lorim
Page 165 and 166:
154 Wang and Swerdloff
Page 167 and 168:
156 Marcelli et al.
Page 169 and 170:
158 Marcelli et al. Differentiated
Page 171 and 172:
160 Marcelli et al. These coactivat
Page 173 and 174:
162 Marcelli et al. tigators have e
Page 175 and 176:
164 Marcelli et al. AR in Prostate
Page 177 and 178:
166 Marcelli et al. Table 1 Androge
Page 179 and 180:
168 Marcelli et al. A molecular exp
Page 181 and 182:
170 Marcelli et al. The above data
Page 183 and 184:
172 Marcelli et al. up to 9 yr late
Page 185 and 186:
174 Marcelli et al. Three major pha
Page 187 and 188:
176 Marcelli et al. vitro model of
Page 189 and 190:
178 Marcelli et al. yr, survival wa
Page 191 and 192:
180 Marcelli et al. 26. McKenna NJ,
Page 193 and 194:
182 Marcelli et al. 78. Isaacs J, C
Page 195 and 196:
184 Marcelli et al. 126. Watanabe M
Page 197 and 198:
186 Marcelli et al. 177. Kousteni S
Page 199 and 200:
188 Marcelli et al. 231. Colombel M
Page 201 and 202:
190 Marcelli et al.
Page 203 and 204:
192 Wu and von Eckardstein contrace
Page 205 and 206:
194 Wu and von Eckardstein beam com
Page 207 and 208:
196 Wu and von Eckardstein excess o
Page 209 and 210:
198 Wu and von Eckardstein Endogeno
Page 211 and 212:
Table 3 Change in Lipids in Hypogon
Page 213 and 214:
Table 3 (continued) ∆LDL ∆HDL
Page 215 and 216:
204 Wu and von Eckardstein THE HEMO
Page 217 and 218:
206 Wu and von Eckardstein In vivo
Page 219 and 220:
208 Wu and von Eckardstein (uptake
Page 221 and 222:
210 Wu and von Eckardstein 4. Bhasi
Page 223 and 224:
212 Wu and von Eckardstein 57. Barr
Page 225 and 226:
214 Wu and von Eckardstein 107. Fra
Page 227 and 228:
216 Wu and von Eckardstein 152. Zmu
Page 229 and 230:
218 Wu and von Eckardstein 201. Cho
Page 231 and 232:
220 Wu and von Eckardstein 250. Eic
Page 233 and 234:
222 Kenny and Raisz with a cartilag
Page 235 and 236:
224 Kenny and Raisz METABOLISM OF A
Page 237 and 238:
226 Kenny and Raisz The level of th
Page 239 and 240:
228 Kenny and Raisz REFERENCES 1. G
Page 241 and 242:
230 Kenny and Raisz 51. Morishima A
Page 243 and 244:
232 Kenny and Raisz 103. Snyder PJ,
Page 245 and 246:
234 Basaria and Dobs losses in wome
Page 247 and 248:
236 Basaria and Dobs 15 dialysis pa
Page 249 and 250:
238 Basaria and Dobs duced remissio
Page 251 and 252:
240 Basaria and Dobs hematocrit lev
Page 253 and 254:
242 Basaria and Dobs 40. Sanchez-Me
Page 255 and 256:
244 Katznelson in men with testoste
Page 257 and 258:
246 Katznelson Fig. 1. Body weight,
Page 259 and 260:
248 Katznelson change during treatm
Page 261 and 262:
250 Katznelson testosterone or free
Page 263 and 264:
252 Katznelson disproportionate dec
Page 265 and 266:
254 Katznelson have been additional
Page 267 and 268:
256 Katznelson 18. Marin P, Lonn L,
Page 269 and 270:
258 Katznelson 71. Davis SR, McClou
Page 271 and 272:
260 Bancroft Androgen Deficiency an
Page 273 and 274:
262 Bancroft studies had presented
Page 275 and 276:
264 Bancroft Bagatell et al. (36) g
Page 277 and 278:
266 Bancroft much larger group of a
Page 279 and 280:
268 Bancroft In a report of a serie
Page 281 and 282:
270 Bancroft onset was related to a
Page 283 and 284:
272 Bancroft Particularly confusing
Page 285 and 286:
274 Bancroft 4. Studies using place
Page 287 and 288:
276 Bancroft either E and T or plac
Page 289 and 290:
278 Bancroft cytotoxic therapy supp
Page 291 and 292:
280 Bancroft Women with Endocrine A
Page 293 and 294:
282 Bancroft in response to the fil
Page 295 and 296:
284 Bancroft Men are much more awar
Page 297 and 298:
286 Bancroft 22. Morales A, Johnsto
Page 299 and 300:
288 Bancroft 78. Hyde JS, DeLamater
Page 301 and 302:
290 Bancroft 129. Appelt H, Strauss
Page 303 and 304:
292 Cherrier and Craft Fig. 1. Path
Page 305 and 306:
294 Cherrier and Craft ment of the
Page 307 and 308:
296 Cherrier and Craft information
Page 309 and 310:
298 Cherrier and Craft Fig. 3. Wech
Page 311 and 312:
300 Cherrier and Craft gen excess r
Page 313 and 314:
302 Cherrier and Craft occurring wi
Page 315 and 316:
304 Cherrier and Craft gesting that
Page 317 and 318:
306 Cherrier and Craft 39. Gouchie
Page 319 and 320:
308 Cherrier and Craft 94. Kelso WM
Page 321 and 322:
310 Cherrier and Craft
Page 323 and 324:
312 Matsumoto
Page 325 and 326:
314 Matsumoto long-term benefits an
Page 327 and 328:
316 Matsumoto manifestations (7). F
Page 329 and 330:
318 Formulation Usual adult dosage
Page 331 and 332:
320 Matsumoto Fig. 1. Mean serum T
Page 333 and 334:
322 Matsumoto dosage is increased g
Page 335 and 336:
324 Matsumoto Androgel 5 g (50 mg o
Page 337 and 338:
326 Matsumoto gen receptor and tiss
Page 339 and 340:
328 Matsumoto such as hepatic cirrh
Page 341 and 342:
330 Matsumoto occasionally, more se
Page 343 and 344:
332 Matsumoto 27. Bhasin S, Bremner
Page 345 and 346:
334 Matsumoto 77. Dobs AS, Meikle A
Page 347 and 348:
336 Richmond and Rogol PHYSIOLOGY O
Page 349 and 350:
338 Richmond and Rogol activity (28
Page 351 and 352:
340 Richmond and Rogol increase lin
Page 353 and 354:
342 Richmond and Rogol curve, the h
Page 355 and 356:
344 Richmond and Rogol Permanent hy
Page 357 and 358:
346 Richmond and Rogol 46. Stanhope
Page 359 and 360:
348 Tenover In aging men, the combi
Page 361 and 362:
350 Tenover Table 1 Changes in Andr
Page 363 and 364:
352 Tenover studies in which eugona
Page 365 and 366:
354 Tenover Table 3 Testosterone Th
Page 367 and 368:
356 Tenover Table 5 ART in Older Me
Page 369 and 370:
358 Tenover be overcome with either
Page 371 and 372:
360 Tenover Laboratory tests should
Page 373 and 374:
362 Tenover 40. Kohrt WM, Malley MT
Page 375 and 376:
364 Tenover 95. Mooradian AD, Morle
Page 377 and 378:
366 Davis Table 1 Proposed Androgen
Page 379 and 380:
368 Davis transdermal testosterone
Page 381 and 382:
370 Davis increase in circulating t
Page 383 and 384:
372 Davis (93). Most recently, Zhou
Page 385 and 386:
374 Davis Table 4 Androgen Replacem
Page 387 and 388:
376 Davis 8. Vierhapper H, Nowotny
Page 389 and 390:
378 Davis 60. Simberg N, Titinen A,
Page 391 and 392:
380 Davis
Page 393 and 394:
382 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer h
Page 395 and 396:
384 Table 2 Effects of Testosterone
Page 397 and 398:
386 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer e
Page 399 and 400:
388 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer F
Page 401 and 402:
390 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer t
Page 403 and 404:
Table 3 Effects of Testosterone Sup
Page 405 and 406:
Table 4 Effects of Testosterone Sup
Page 407 and 408:
396 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer c
Page 409 and 410:
398 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer C
Page 411 and 412:
400 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer w
Page 413 and 414:
402 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer 4
Page 415 and 416:
404 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer
Page 417 and 418:
406 Amory Fig. 1. The endocrinology
Page 419 and 420:
408 Amory pregnancies fathered by t
Page 421 and 422:
410 Amory antagonists can suppress
Page 423 and 424:
412 Amory 100-mg doses of weekly TE
Page 425 and 426:
414 Amory FUTURE DIRECTIONS Given t
Page 427 and 428:
416 Amory 22. Oral contraception. I
Page 429 and 430:
418 Amory
Page 431 and 432:
420 Anawalt inadequate androgen eff
Page 433 and 434:
422 Anawalt few specialty commercia
Page 435 and 436:
424 Anawalt Fig. 1. (C) Secondary h
Page 437 and 438:
426 Anawalt Fig. 2. Evaluation and
Page 439 and 440:
428 Anawalt All men with secondary
Page 441 and 442:
430 Anawalt anemia (38). With the a
Page 443 and 444:
432 Anawalt osterone levels achieve
Page 445 and 446:
434 Anawalt SIDE EFFECTS OF ANDROGE
Page 447 and 448:
436 Anawalt 7. Rosner W. Errors in
Page 449 and 450:
438 Anawalt 59. Mackey MA, Conway A
Page 451 and 452:
440 Index polycystic ovaries, 131 A
Page 453 and 454:
442 Index lipoid congenital adrenal
Page 455 and 456:
444 Index women, 254 dihydrotestost
Page 457 and 458:
446 Index Pituitary adenoma, male h
Page 459 and 460:
448 Index lipoid congenital adrenal
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