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Chapter 22/Androgens in Primary Care 437 31. Morley JE. Andropause, testosterone therapy and quality of life in aging men. Cleveland Clin J Med 2000;67:880–882. 32. Tenover JL. Male hormone replacement therapy including “Andropause.” Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1998;27:969–987. 33. Sih R, Morley JE, Kaiser FE, et al. Testosterone replacement in older men: a 12-month randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:1661–1667. 34. Bross R, Javanbakht M, Bhasin S. Anabolic interventions for aging-associated sarcopenia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:3420–3430. 35. Tenover JL. Testosterone for all? Proceedings of the 80th Meeting of the Endocrine Society, 1998. 36. Snyder PJ, Peachey H, Hannoush P, et al. Effect of testosterone treatment on body composition and muscle strength in men over 65 years of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:2647–2653. 37. Snyder PJ, Peachey H, Hannoush P, et al. Effect of testosterone treatment on bone mineral density in men over 65 years of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:1966–1972, 1999. 38. Johnson CA. Use of androgens in patients with renal failure. Sem Dial 2000;13:36–39. 39. Gaughan WJ, Liss KA, Dunn SR, et al. A 6-month study of low-dose recombinant human erythropoietin alone and in combination with androgens for the treatment of anemia in chronic hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1997;1997:495–500. 40. Teruel JL, Marcen R, Navarro-Antolin J, et al. Androgen versus erythropoietin for the treatment of anemia in hemodialyzed patients: a prospective study. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996;7:140–144. 41. Corcoran C, Grinspoon S. Treatments for wasting in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1740–1750. 42. Grinspoon S, Corcoran C, Lee K. Loss of lean body and muscle mass correlates with androgen levels in hypogonadal men with acquired immunodeficiency and wasting. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:4051–4058. 43. Salehian B, Jacobson D, Swerdloff RS, et al. Testicular pathologic changes and the pituitary-testicular axis during human immunodeficiency virus infection. Endocr Pract 1999;5:1–9. 44. Bhasin S, Storer TW, Javanbakht M, et al. Testosterone replacement and resistance exercise in HIVinfected men with weight loss and low testosterone levels. JAMA 2000;283:763–770. 45. Grinspoon S, Corcoran C, Askari H, et al. Effects of androgen administration in men with AIDS wasting syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:18–26. 46. Grinspoon S, Corcoran C, Stanley T, et al. Effects of hypogonadism and testosterone administration on depression indices in HIV-infected men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:60–65. 47. Rabkin JG, Wagner GJ, Rabkin R. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of testosterone therapy for HIV-positive men with hypogonadal symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:141–147. 48. Grinspoon S, Corcoran C, Parlman K, et al. Effects of testosterone and progressive resistance training in eugonadal men with AIDS wasting: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2000; 133:348–355. 49. Sattler FR, Jaque SV, Schroeder ET, et al. Effects of pharmacological doses of nandrolone decanoate and progressive resistance training in immunodeficient patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:1268–1276. 50. Strawford A, Barbieri T, Van Loan M, et al. Resistance exercise and supraphysiologic androgen therapy in eugonadal men with HIV-related weight loss. JAMA 1999;281:1282–1290. 51. Bhasin S, Storer TW, Asbel-Sethi N, et al. Effects of testosterone replacement with a nongenital transdermal system, Androderm, in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men with low testosterone levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:3155–3162. 52. Amory JK, Matsumoto AM. The therapeutic potential of testosterone patches. Exp Opin Invest Drugs 1998;7:1977–1985. 53. Letter TM. Androgel. Med Lett 2000;42:49-51. 54. Swerdloff RS, Wang C, Cunningham G, et al. Long-term pharmacokinetics of transdermal testosterone gel in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4500–4510. 55. Nankin HR. Hormone kinetics after intramuscular testosterone cypionate. Fertil Steril 1987;47:1004–1009. 56. Snyder PJ, Lawrence DA. Treatment of male hypogonadism with testosterone enanthate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980;51:1335–1339. 57. Matsumoto AM. Hormonal therapy of male hypogonadism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1994;23:857–875. 58. Hajjar RR, Kaiser FE, Morley JE. Outcomes of long-term testosterone replacement in older hypogonadal males: a retrospective analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:3793–3796.
438 Anawalt 59. Mackey MA, Conway AJ, Handelsman DJ. Tolerability of intramuscular injections of testosterone ester in oil vehicle. Human Reprod 1995;10:862–865. 60. Jordan WP, Atkinson LE, Lai C. Comparison of the skin irritation potential of two testosterone transdermal systems: an investigational system and a marketed product. Clin Ther 1998;20:80–87. 61. Gooren LJG. A ten-year safety study of oral androgen testosterone undecanoate. J Androl 1994;15:212–215. 62. Dobs AS, Hoover DR, Chen M-C, Allen R. Pharmacokinetic characteristics, efficacy, and safety of buccal testosterone in hypogonadal males: a pilot study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:33–39. 63. Nieschlag E, Buchter D, von Eckardstein S, et al. Repeated intramuscular injections of testosterone undecanoate for substitution therapy in hypogonadal men. Clin Endocrinol 1999;51:757–763. 64. Khorram O, Patrizio P, Wang C, Swerdloff R. Reproductive technologies for male infertility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:2373–2379. 65. Kolettis PN. The evaluation and management of the azoospermic patient. J Androl 2002;23:293–305. 66. Bhasin S, Salehian B. Gonadotropin Therapy of Men with Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. Mosby- Year, St Louis, MO, 1997. 67. Nachtigall L, Boepple P, Pralong F, Crowley WFJ. Adult-onset idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism—a treatable form of male infertility. N Engl J Med 1997;336:410–415. 68. Christensen RB, Matsumoto AM, Bremner WJ. Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with anosmia (Kallmann’s syndrome). Endocrinologist 1992;2:332–340. 69. Kliesch S, Behre HM, Nieschlag E. High efficacy of gonadotropin or pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal men. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:347–354. 70. Matsumoto AM, Sandblom RE, Schoene RB, et al. Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men: effects of obstructive sleep apnoea, respiratory drives, and sleep. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1985;22:713–721. 71. Sandblom RE, Matsumoto AM, Schoene RB, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome induced by testosterone administration. N Engl J Med 1983;308:508–510. 72. Meikle AW, Arver S, Dobs AS. Prostate size in hypogonadal men treated with a nonscrotal permeation-enhanced testosterone transdermal system. Urology 1997;49:191–196. 73. Behre HM, Bohmeyer J, Nieschlag E. Prostate volume in testosterone-treated and untreated hypogonadal men in comparison to age-matched normal controls. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1994;40:341–349. 74. Alexandersen P, Haarbo J, Christiansen C. The relationship of natural androgens to coronary disease in males: a review. Atherosclerosis 1996;125:1–13. 75. Bagatell CJ, Bremner WJ. Androgen and progestagen effects on plasma lipids. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1995;38:255–271. 76. Bagatell CJ, Bremner WJ. The effects of aging and testosterone on lipids and cardiovascular risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:3440–3441. 77. von Eckardstein A, Kliesch S, Nieschlag E, et al. Suppression of endogenous testosterone in young men increases serum levels of high density lipoprotein subclass lipoprotein A-I and lipoprotein(a). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:3367–3372. 78. Webb CM, McNeill JG, Hayward CS, et al. Effects of testosterone on coronary vasomotor regulation in men with coronary heart disease. Circulation 1999;100:1690–1696.
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CONTEMPORARY ENDOCRINOLOGY Androgen
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CONTEMPORARY ENDOCRINOLOGY P. Micha
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© 2003 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
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vi Preface We hope Androgens in Hea
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viii Contents 13 Androgens and Body
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x Contributors RICHARD S. LEGRO, MD
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2 Winters and Clark
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4 Winters and Clark chorionic gonad
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6 Winters and Clark LH REGULATION O
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8 Winters and Clark These enzymes a
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10 Winters and Clark -subunit mRNA
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12 Winters and Clark Fig. 3. A sche
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14 Winters and Clark Table 1 Factor
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16 Winters and Clark Table 2 Tissue
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18 Winters and Clark 11. Thomas JL,
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20 Winters and Clark 61. Dufau ML,
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22 Winters and Clark 112. Raivio T,
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24 Brown Fig. 1. Mechanism for andr
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26 Brown increase in intracellular
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28 Brown Fig. 2. Structural and fun
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30 Brown Fig. 3. Amino acid sequenc
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32 Brown tions to shuttle the AR th
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34 Brown Fig. 4. Amino acid primary
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36 Brown part of an inactive chroma
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38 Brown the external genitalia is
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40 Brown tors, as well as the trans
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42 Brown 49. Williams SP, Sigler PB
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44 Brown 100. Gregory CW, He B, Joh
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46 Plymate Table 1 Classification o
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48 Plymate In addition to the direc
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50 Plymate LABORATORY FINDINGS In p
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52 Plymate those manifesting as phe
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54 Plymate result in some improveme
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56 Plymate If both testosterone and
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58 Plymate Persistent Müllerian Du
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60 Plymate INFERTILITY RESULTING FR
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62 Plymate unaffected, contralatera
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64 Plymate SECONDARY HYPOGONADISM H
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66 Plymate Other syndromes manifest
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68 Plymate period after the burn. I
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70 Plymate These findings suggest t
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72 Plymate 49. Goebelsmann U, Horto
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74 Plymate 104. Yoshimoto Y, Moride
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76 Plymate
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78 Sutton, Amory, and Clark levels
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80 Sutton, Amory, and Clark cebo in
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82 Sutton, Amory, and Clark Finaste
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84 Sutton, Amory, and Clark through
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86 Sutton, Amory, and Clark 40. The
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88 Sutton, Amory, and Clark 88. Rob
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90 Lindzey and Korach Fig. 1. Cellu
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92 Lindzey and Korach estrogen sign
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94 Lindzey and Korach TESTIS AND DU
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96 Lindzey and Korach sufficient to
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98 Lindzey and Korach Seminal Vesic
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100 Lindzey and Korach 17. Krege JH
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102 Lindzey and Korach 68. Chang WY
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104 McPhaul on the Y chromosome det
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106 106 McPhaul
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108 McPhaul number of alleles, dele
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110 McPhaul The first mutation of t
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112 McPhaul gene. In vitro studies
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114 McPhaul risk of impaired sperma
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116 McPhaul carrying a single mutan
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118 McPhaul REFERENCES 1. Koopman P
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120 McPhaul 45. Weidemann W, Peters
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122 McPhaul 92. Koivisto P, Kononen
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124 Legro Fig. 1. The spectrum of p
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126 Legro Virilization presents wit
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128 Legro Fig. 3. The paradox of an
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130 Legro small high-density athero
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132 Legro Table 2 Syndromes or Dise
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134 Legro Insulin-Sensitizing Agent
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136 Legro is undetermined according
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138 Legro 39. Lee O, Farquhar C, To
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140 Legro
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142 Wang and Swerdloff PHARMACOLOGY
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144 Wang and Swerdloff The 17α-alk
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146 Wang and Swerdloff Table 2 Dose
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148 Wang and Swerdloff The steroid
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150 Wang and Swerdloff The inabilit
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152 Wang and Swerdloff 15. De Lorim
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154 Wang and Swerdloff
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156 Marcelli et al.
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158 Marcelli et al. Differentiated
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160 Marcelli et al. These coactivat
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162 Marcelli et al. tigators have e
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164 Marcelli et al. AR in Prostate
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166 Marcelli et al. Table 1 Androge
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168 Marcelli et al. A molecular exp
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170 Marcelli et al. The above data
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172 Marcelli et al. up to 9 yr late
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174 Marcelli et al. Three major pha
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176 Marcelli et al. vitro model of
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178 Marcelli et al. yr, survival wa
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180 Marcelli et al. 26. McKenna NJ,
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182 Marcelli et al. 78. Isaacs J, C
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184 Marcelli et al. 126. Watanabe M
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186 Marcelli et al. 177. Kousteni S
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188 Marcelli et al. 231. Colombel M
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190 Marcelli et al.
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192 Wu and von Eckardstein contrace
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194 Wu and von Eckardstein beam com
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196 Wu and von Eckardstein excess o
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198 Wu and von Eckardstein Endogeno
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Table 3 Change in Lipids in Hypogon
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Table 3 (continued) ∆LDL ∆HDL
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204 Wu and von Eckardstein THE HEMO
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206 Wu and von Eckardstein In vivo
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208 Wu and von Eckardstein (uptake
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210 Wu and von Eckardstein 4. Bhasi
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212 Wu and von Eckardstein 57. Barr
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214 Wu and von Eckardstein 107. Fra
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216 Wu and von Eckardstein 152. Zmu
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218 Wu and von Eckardstein 201. Cho
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220 Wu and von Eckardstein 250. Eic
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222 Kenny and Raisz with a cartilag
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224 Kenny and Raisz METABOLISM OF A
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226 Kenny and Raisz The level of th
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228 Kenny and Raisz REFERENCES 1. G
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230 Kenny and Raisz 51. Morishima A
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232 Kenny and Raisz 103. Snyder PJ,
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234 Basaria and Dobs losses in wome
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236 Basaria and Dobs 15 dialysis pa
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238 Basaria and Dobs duced remissio
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240 Basaria and Dobs hematocrit lev
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242 Basaria and Dobs 40. Sanchez-Me
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244 Katznelson in men with testoste
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246 Katznelson Fig. 1. Body weight,
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248 Katznelson change during treatm
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250 Katznelson testosterone or free
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252 Katznelson disproportionate dec
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254 Katznelson have been additional
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256 Katznelson 18. Marin P, Lonn L,
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258 Katznelson 71. Davis SR, McClou
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260 Bancroft Androgen Deficiency an
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262 Bancroft studies had presented
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264 Bancroft Bagatell et al. (36) g
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266 Bancroft much larger group of a
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268 Bancroft In a report of a serie
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270 Bancroft onset was related to a
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272 Bancroft Particularly confusing
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274 Bancroft 4. Studies using place
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276 Bancroft either E and T or plac
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278 Bancroft cytotoxic therapy supp
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280 Bancroft Women with Endocrine A
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282 Bancroft in response to the fil
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284 Bancroft Men are much more awar
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286 Bancroft 22. Morales A, Johnsto
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288 Bancroft 78. Hyde JS, DeLamater
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290 Bancroft 129. Appelt H, Strauss
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292 Cherrier and Craft Fig. 1. Path
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294 Cherrier and Craft ment of the
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296 Cherrier and Craft information
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298 Cherrier and Craft Fig. 3. Wech
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300 Cherrier and Craft gen excess r
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302 Cherrier and Craft occurring wi
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304 Cherrier and Craft gesting that
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306 Cherrier and Craft 39. Gouchie
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308 Cherrier and Craft 94. Kelso WM
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310 Cherrier and Craft
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312 Matsumoto
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314 Matsumoto long-term benefits an
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316 Matsumoto manifestations (7). F
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318 Formulation Usual adult dosage
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320 Matsumoto Fig. 1. Mean serum T
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322 Matsumoto dosage is increased g
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324 Matsumoto Androgel 5 g (50 mg o
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326 Matsumoto gen receptor and tiss
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328 Matsumoto such as hepatic cirrh
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330 Matsumoto occasionally, more se
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332 Matsumoto 27. Bhasin S, Bremner
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334 Matsumoto 77. Dobs AS, Meikle A
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336 Richmond and Rogol PHYSIOLOGY O
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338 Richmond and Rogol activity (28
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340 Richmond and Rogol increase lin
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342 Richmond and Rogol curve, the h
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344 Richmond and Rogol Permanent hy
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346 Richmond and Rogol 46. Stanhope
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348 Tenover In aging men, the combi
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350 Tenover Table 1 Changes in Andr
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352 Tenover studies in which eugona
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354 Tenover Table 3 Testosterone Th
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356 Tenover Table 5 ART in Older Me
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358 Tenover be overcome with either
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360 Tenover Laboratory tests should
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362 Tenover 40. Kohrt WM, Malley MT
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364 Tenover 95. Mooradian AD, Morle
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366 Davis Table 1 Proposed Androgen
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368 Davis transdermal testosterone
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370 Davis increase in circulating t
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372 Davis (93). Most recently, Zhou
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374 Davis Table 4 Androgen Replacem
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376 Davis 8. Vierhapper H, Nowotny
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378 Davis 60. Simberg N, Titinen A,
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380 Davis
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382 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer h
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384 Table 2 Effects of Testosterone
Page 397 and 398: 386 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer e
Page 399 and 400: 388 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer F
Page 401 and 402: 390 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer t
Page 403 and 404: Table 3 Effects of Testosterone Sup
Page 405 and 406: Table 4 Effects of Testosterone Sup
Page 407 and 408: 396 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer c
Page 409 and 410: 398 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer C
Page 411 and 412: 400 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer w
Page 413 and 414: 402 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer 4
Page 415 and 416: 404 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer
Page 417 and 418: 406 Amory Fig. 1. The endocrinology
Page 419 and 420: 408 Amory pregnancies fathered by t
Page 421 and 422: 410 Amory antagonists can suppress
Page 423 and 424: 412 Amory 100-mg doses of weekly TE
Page 425 and 426: 414 Amory FUTURE DIRECTIONS Given t
Page 427 and 428: 416 Amory 22. Oral contraception. I
Page 429 and 430: 418 Amory
Page 431 and 432: 420 Anawalt inadequate androgen eff
Page 433 and 434: 422 Anawalt few specialty commercia
Page 435 and 436: 424 Anawalt Fig. 1. (C) Secondary h
Page 437 and 438: 426 Anawalt Fig. 2. Evaluation and
Page 439 and 440: 428 Anawalt All men with secondary
Page 441 and 442: 430 Anawalt anemia (38). With the a
Page 443 and 444: 432 Anawalt osterone levels achieve
Page 445 and 446: 434 Anawalt SIDE EFFECTS OF ANDROGE
Page 447: 436 Anawalt 7. Rosner W. Errors in
Page 451 and 452: 440 Index polycystic ovaries, 131 A
Page 453 and 454: 442 Index lipoid congenital adrenal
Page 455 and 456: 444 Index women, 254 dihydrotestost
Page 457 and 458: 446 Index Pituitary adenoma, male h
Page 459 and 460: 448 Index lipoid congenital adrenal
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