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Androgens in Health and Disease.pdf - E Library

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360 Tenover<br />

Laboratory tests should <strong>in</strong>clude a serum T level, hemoglob<strong>in</strong> <strong>and</strong> hematocrit, <strong>and</strong> a PSA.<br />

In the absence of obvious problems, a trial of ART should last for at least 6 mo, because<br />

it often takes that amount of time to differentiate true benefits of therapy from placebo<br />

effects. This necessitates a second follow-up visit for monitor<strong>in</strong>g at about mo 6 of<br />

treatment. If the treatment is felt to have been efficacious <strong>and</strong> no significant adverse<br />

events have arisen, the therapy can be cont<strong>in</strong>ued, but it should be reassessed at least on<br />

a yearly basis.<br />

CONCLUSION<br />

The potential rejuvenation of certa<strong>in</strong> functions <strong>in</strong> ag<strong>in</strong>g men through treatment with<br />

a testicular “<strong>in</strong>vigorat<strong>in</strong>g agent” is not a new concept. Studies <strong>in</strong>volv<strong>in</strong>g ART date back<br />

to the late 19th century with Brown-Séquard’s self-experimentation us<strong>in</strong>g animal testicular<br />

extracts (96). S<strong>in</strong>ce the 1930s, when T was synthesized, a great deal has been<br />

learned about its physiology <strong>and</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical effects. Yet, there rema<strong>in</strong>s a lack of both solid<br />

cl<strong>in</strong>ical data to def<strong>in</strong>e which older men are good c<strong>and</strong>idates to receive ART <strong>and</strong> consensus<br />

guidel<strong>in</strong>es on how to diagnose <strong>and</strong> treatment PADAM. The data that are available<br />

give support to the hypothesis that ART should have a number of beneficial effects for<br />

some older men <strong>and</strong> that its adverse effects may not be so severe as to overwhelm<br />

efficacy. Until such time as more cl<strong>in</strong>ical data on ART are forthcom<strong>in</strong>g, especially data<br />

as relates to effects on the development of fractures, cardiovascular events, LUTS caused<br />

by BPH, <strong>and</strong> prostate cancer, it is important to cont<strong>in</strong>ually reassess the benefits <strong>and</strong> risks<br />

of ART therapy for each man.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

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1991;73:221–224.<br />

2. Gray A, Berl<strong>in</strong> JA, McK<strong>in</strong>lay JB, Longcope C. An exam<strong>in</strong>ation of research design effects on the association<br />

of testosterone <strong>and</strong> male ag<strong>in</strong>g: results of a meta-analysis. J Cl<strong>in</strong> Epidemiol 1991;44:671–684.<br />

3. Deslypere JP, Vermeulen A. Leydig cell function <strong>in</strong> normal men: effect of age, life-style, residence,<br />

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4. Ferr<strong>in</strong>i RL, Barrett-Connor E. Sex hormones <strong>and</strong> age: a cross-sectional study of testosterone <strong>and</strong> estradiol<br />

<strong>and</strong> their bioavailable fractions <strong>in</strong> community-dwell<strong>in</strong>g men. Am J Epidemiol 1998;147:750–754.<br />

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follicle stimulat<strong>in</strong>g hormone <strong>in</strong> healthy older men. Metabolism 1997;46:410–413.<br />

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cardiovascular disease risk factors <strong>in</strong> middle-aged men: a 13-year follow-up of former Multiple Risk<br />

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total <strong>and</strong> free testosterone levels <strong>in</strong> healthy men. J Cl<strong>in</strong> Endocr<strong>in</strong>ol Metab 2001;86:724–731.<br />

9. Perry HM, Miller DK, Patrick P, Morley JE. Testosterone <strong>and</strong> lept<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> older African-American men:<br />

relationship to age, strength, function, <strong>and</strong> season. Metabolism 2000;49:1085–1091.<br />

10. Usanachitt C, Leepipatpaiboon AAS, Numchaisrika P. Relationship of male hormonal levels <strong>and</strong><br />

ag<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Thai males. Ag<strong>in</strong>g Male 2000;3(Suppl 1):47.<br />

11. Geller J, Albert J, Lopez D, et al. Comparison of <strong>and</strong>rogen metabolites <strong>in</strong> benign prostatic hypertrophy<br />

(BPH) <strong>and</strong> normal prostate. J Cl<strong>in</strong> Endocr<strong>in</strong>ol Metab 1976;43:686–690.<br />

12. Harman SM, Tsitouras PD. Reproductive hormones <strong>in</strong> ag<strong>in</strong>g men. I. Measurement of sex steroids,<br />

basal lute<strong>in</strong>iz<strong>in</strong>g hormone, <strong>and</strong> leydig cell response to human chorionic gonadotrop<strong>in</strong>. J Cl<strong>in</strong> Endocr<strong>in</strong>ol<br />

Metab 1980;51:35–40.

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