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Chapter 19/Treating Hypoandrogenism in Women 377 33. Frock J, Money J. Sexuality and the menopause. Psychother Psychosom 1992;57:29–33. 34. Bachmann GA, Leiblum SR. Sexuality in sexagenarian women. Maturitas 1991;13:45–50. 35. McCoy NL, Davidson JM. A longitudinal study of the effects of menopause on sexuality. Maturitas 1985;7:203–210. 36. Appelt H, Strauss SB. The psychoendocrinology of female sexuality. A research project. German J Psychol 1986;10:143–156. 37. Alder EM, Cook A, Davidson D, et al. Hormones, mood and sexuality in lactaing women. Br J Psychiatry 1986;148:74–79. 38. Utian WH. The true clinical features of postmenopausal oophorectomy and their response to estrogen replacement therapy. S Afr Med J 1972;46:732–737. 39. Sarrel P, Dobay B, Wiita B. Estrogen and estrogen-androgen replacement in postmenopausal women dissatisfied with estrogen-only therapy. sexual behaviour and neuroendocrine response. J Reprod Med 1998;43:847–856. 40. Davis SR, McCloud PI, Strauss BJG, Burger HG. Testosterone enhances estradiol’s effects on postmenopausal bone density and sexuality. Maturitas 1995;21:227–236. 41. Studd JWW, Chakravarti S, Oram D. The climacteric. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1977;4:3–29. 42. Studd JWW, Colins WP, Chakravarti S. Estradiol and testosterone implants in the treatment of psychosexual problems in postmenopausal women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1977;84:314–315. 43. Burger HG, Hailes J, Nelson J, Menelaus M. Effect of combined implants of estradiol and testosterone on libido in postmenopausal women. Br Med J 1987;294:936–937. 44. Tuiten A, Von Honk J, Koppeschaar H, et al. Time course of effects of testosterone administration on sexual arousal in women. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:149–153. 45. Laan E, Van Lunsen RH. Hormones and sexuality in postmenopausal women: a psychophysiological study. J Psychosom Obset Gynaecol 1997;18(2):126–133. 46. Leiblum S, Bachmann GA, Kemmann E, et al. The importance of sexual activity and hormones. JAMA 1983;249:2195–2198. 47. Worboys S, Kotsopoulos D, Teede H, et al. Parental testosterone improves endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation in postmenopausal women already receiving estrogen. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86(1):158–161. 48. Smith EP, Boyd J, Frank GR, et al. Estrogen resistance caused by a mutation in the oestrogenreceptor gene in a man. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1056–1061. 49. Morishima A, Grumbach MM, Simpson ER. Aromatase deficiency in male and female siblings caused by a novel mutuation and the physiological role of estrogens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:3689–3698. 50. Shozu M, Simpson ER. Aromatase expression of human osteoblast-like cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1998;139:117–129. 51. Colvard DS, Eriksen EF, Keeting PE. Identification of androgen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989;86:854–857. 52. Kasperk CH, Wergedal JE, Farley JR, et al. Androgens directly stimulate proliferation of bone cells in vitro. Endocrinology 1989;124:1576–1578. 53. Kasperk CH, Fitzsimmons R, Strong D, et al. Studies of the mechanism by which androgens enhance mitogenesis and differentiation in bone cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;71:1322–1329. 54. Abu EO, Horner V, Kusec V, et al. The localization of androgen receptors in human bone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82(10):3493–3497. 55. Wiren KM, Keenan EJ, Orwoll ES, et al. Transcriptional U-regulation of the human androgen receptor by androgen in bone cells. Endocrinology 1997;138(6):2291–2300. 56. Carlson LA, Rosehamer G. Reduction of mortality in The Stockholm Ishcaemic Heart Disease Secondary Prevention Study by combined treatment with clofibrate and nicotinic acid. Acta Med Scand 1988;(223):405–418. 57. Nilas L, Christiansen C. Bone mass and its relationship to age and the menopause. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;65:697–699. 58. Slemenda C, Longcope C, Peacock M, et al. Sex steroids, bone mass, and bone loss. A propspective study of pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women. J Clin Invest 1996;97:14–21. 59. Labrie F, Belanger A, Cusan L, Candas B. Physiological changes in dehydroepiandrosterone are not reflected by serum levels of active androgens and estrogens but of their metabolites: intracrinology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82(8):2403–2409.
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CONTEMPORARY ENDOCRINOLOGY Androgen
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CONTEMPORARY ENDOCRINOLOGY P. Micha
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© 2003 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
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vi Preface We hope Androgens in Hea
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viii Contents 13 Androgens and Body
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x Contributors RICHARD S. LEGRO, MD
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2 Winters and Clark
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4 Winters and Clark chorionic gonad
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6 Winters and Clark LH REGULATION O
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8 Winters and Clark These enzymes a
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10 Winters and Clark -subunit mRNA
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12 Winters and Clark Fig. 3. A sche
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14 Winters and Clark Table 1 Factor
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16 Winters and Clark Table 2 Tissue
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18 Winters and Clark 11. Thomas JL,
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20 Winters and Clark 61. Dufau ML,
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22 Winters and Clark 112. Raivio T,
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24 Brown Fig. 1. Mechanism for andr
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26 Brown increase in intracellular
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28 Brown Fig. 2. Structural and fun
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30 Brown Fig. 3. Amino acid sequenc
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32 Brown tions to shuttle the AR th
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34 Brown Fig. 4. Amino acid primary
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36 Brown part of an inactive chroma
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38 Brown the external genitalia is
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40 Brown tors, as well as the trans
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42 Brown 49. Williams SP, Sigler PB
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44 Brown 100. Gregory CW, He B, Joh
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46 Plymate Table 1 Classification o
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48 Plymate In addition to the direc
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50 Plymate LABORATORY FINDINGS In p
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52 Plymate those manifesting as phe
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54 Plymate result in some improveme
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56 Plymate If both testosterone and
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58 Plymate Persistent Müllerian Du
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60 Plymate INFERTILITY RESULTING FR
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62 Plymate unaffected, contralatera
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64 Plymate SECONDARY HYPOGONADISM H
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66 Plymate Other syndromes manifest
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68 Plymate period after the burn. I
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70 Plymate These findings suggest t
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72 Plymate 49. Goebelsmann U, Horto
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74 Plymate 104. Yoshimoto Y, Moride
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76 Plymate
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78 Sutton, Amory, and Clark levels
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80 Sutton, Amory, and Clark cebo in
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82 Sutton, Amory, and Clark Finaste
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84 Sutton, Amory, and Clark through
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86 Sutton, Amory, and Clark 40. The
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88 Sutton, Amory, and Clark 88. Rob
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90 Lindzey and Korach Fig. 1. Cellu
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92 Lindzey and Korach estrogen sign
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94 Lindzey and Korach TESTIS AND DU
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96 Lindzey and Korach sufficient to
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98 Lindzey and Korach Seminal Vesic
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100 Lindzey and Korach 17. Krege JH
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102 Lindzey and Korach 68. Chang WY
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104 McPhaul on the Y chromosome det
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106 106 McPhaul
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108 McPhaul number of alleles, dele
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110 McPhaul The first mutation of t
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112 McPhaul gene. In vitro studies
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114 McPhaul risk of impaired sperma
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116 McPhaul carrying a single mutan
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118 McPhaul REFERENCES 1. Koopman P
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120 McPhaul 45. Weidemann W, Peters
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122 McPhaul 92. Koivisto P, Kononen
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124 Legro Fig. 1. The spectrum of p
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126 Legro Virilization presents wit
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128 Legro Fig. 3. The paradox of an
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130 Legro small high-density athero
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132 Legro Table 2 Syndromes or Dise
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134 Legro Insulin-Sensitizing Agent
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136 Legro is undetermined according
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138 Legro 39. Lee O, Farquhar C, To
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140 Legro
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142 Wang and Swerdloff PHARMACOLOGY
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144 Wang and Swerdloff The 17α-alk
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146 Wang and Swerdloff Table 2 Dose
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148 Wang and Swerdloff The steroid
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150 Wang and Swerdloff The inabilit
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152 Wang and Swerdloff 15. De Lorim
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154 Wang and Swerdloff
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156 Marcelli et al.
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158 Marcelli et al. Differentiated
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160 Marcelli et al. These coactivat
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162 Marcelli et al. tigators have e
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164 Marcelli et al. AR in Prostate
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166 Marcelli et al. Table 1 Androge
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168 Marcelli et al. A molecular exp
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170 Marcelli et al. The above data
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172 Marcelli et al. up to 9 yr late
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174 Marcelli et al. Three major pha
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176 Marcelli et al. vitro model of
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178 Marcelli et al. yr, survival wa
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180 Marcelli et al. 26. McKenna NJ,
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182 Marcelli et al. 78. Isaacs J, C
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184 Marcelli et al. 126. Watanabe M
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186 Marcelli et al. 177. Kousteni S
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188 Marcelli et al. 231. Colombel M
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190 Marcelli et al.
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192 Wu and von Eckardstein contrace
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194 Wu and von Eckardstein beam com
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196 Wu and von Eckardstein excess o
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198 Wu and von Eckardstein Endogeno
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Table 3 Change in Lipids in Hypogon
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Table 3 (continued) ∆LDL ∆HDL
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204 Wu and von Eckardstein THE HEMO
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206 Wu and von Eckardstein In vivo
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208 Wu and von Eckardstein (uptake
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210 Wu and von Eckardstein 4. Bhasi
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212 Wu and von Eckardstein 57. Barr
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214 Wu and von Eckardstein 107. Fra
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216 Wu and von Eckardstein 152. Zmu
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218 Wu and von Eckardstein 201. Cho
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220 Wu and von Eckardstein 250. Eic
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222 Kenny and Raisz with a cartilag
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224 Kenny and Raisz METABOLISM OF A
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226 Kenny and Raisz The level of th
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228 Kenny and Raisz REFERENCES 1. G
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230 Kenny and Raisz 51. Morishima A
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232 Kenny and Raisz 103. Snyder PJ,
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234 Basaria and Dobs losses in wome
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236 Basaria and Dobs 15 dialysis pa
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238 Basaria and Dobs duced remissio
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240 Basaria and Dobs hematocrit lev
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242 Basaria and Dobs 40. Sanchez-Me
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244 Katznelson in men with testoste
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246 Katznelson Fig. 1. Body weight,
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248 Katznelson change during treatm
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250 Katznelson testosterone or free
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252 Katznelson disproportionate dec
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254 Katznelson have been additional
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256 Katznelson 18. Marin P, Lonn L,
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258 Katznelson 71. Davis SR, McClou
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260 Bancroft Androgen Deficiency an
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262 Bancroft studies had presented
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264 Bancroft Bagatell et al. (36) g
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266 Bancroft much larger group of a
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268 Bancroft In a report of a serie
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270 Bancroft onset was related to a
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272 Bancroft Particularly confusing
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274 Bancroft 4. Studies using place
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276 Bancroft either E and T or plac
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278 Bancroft cytotoxic therapy supp
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280 Bancroft Women with Endocrine A
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282 Bancroft in response to the fil
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284 Bancroft Men are much more awar
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286 Bancroft 22. Morales A, Johnsto
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288 Bancroft 78. Hyde JS, DeLamater
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290 Bancroft 129. Appelt H, Strauss
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292 Cherrier and Craft Fig. 1. Path
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294 Cherrier and Craft ment of the
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296 Cherrier and Craft information
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298 Cherrier and Craft Fig. 3. Wech
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300 Cherrier and Craft gen excess r
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302 Cherrier and Craft occurring wi
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304 Cherrier and Craft gesting that
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306 Cherrier and Craft 39. Gouchie
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308 Cherrier and Craft 94. Kelso WM
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310 Cherrier and Craft
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312 Matsumoto
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314 Matsumoto long-term benefits an
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316 Matsumoto manifestations (7). F
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318 Formulation Usual adult dosage
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320 Matsumoto Fig. 1. Mean serum T
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322 Matsumoto dosage is increased g
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324 Matsumoto Androgel 5 g (50 mg o
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Page 339 and 340: 328 Matsumoto such as hepatic cirrh
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Page 343 and 344: 332 Matsumoto 27. Bhasin S, Bremner
Page 345 and 346: 334 Matsumoto 77. Dobs AS, Meikle A
Page 347 and 348: 336 Richmond and Rogol PHYSIOLOGY O
Page 349 and 350: 338 Richmond and Rogol activity (28
Page 351 and 352: 340 Richmond and Rogol increase lin
Page 353 and 354: 342 Richmond and Rogol curve, the h
Page 355 and 356: 344 Richmond and Rogol Permanent hy
Page 357 and 358: 346 Richmond and Rogol 46. Stanhope
Page 359 and 360: 348 Tenover In aging men, the combi
Page 361 and 362: 350 Tenover Table 1 Changes in Andr
Page 363 and 364: 352 Tenover studies in which eugona
Page 365 and 366: 354 Tenover Table 3 Testosterone Th
Page 367 and 368: 356 Tenover Table 5 ART in Older Me
Page 369 and 370: 358 Tenover be overcome with either
Page 371 and 372: 360 Tenover Laboratory tests should
Page 373 and 374: 362 Tenover 40. Kohrt WM, Malley MT
Page 375 and 376: 364 Tenover 95. Mooradian AD, Morle
Page 377 and 378: 366 Davis Table 1 Proposed Androgen
Page 379 and 380: 368 Davis transdermal testosterone
Page 381 and 382: 370 Davis increase in circulating t
Page 383 and 384: 372 Davis (93). Most recently, Zhou
Page 385 and 386: 374 Davis Table 4 Androgen Replacem
Page 387: 376 Davis 8. Vierhapper H, Nowotny
Page 391 and 392: 380 Davis
Page 393 and 394: 382 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer h
Page 395 and 396: 384 Table 2 Effects of Testosterone
Page 397 and 398: 386 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer e
Page 399 and 400: 388 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer F
Page 401 and 402: 390 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer t
Page 403 and 404: Table 3 Effects of Testosterone Sup
Page 405 and 406: Table 4 Effects of Testosterone Sup
Page 407 and 408: 396 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer c
Page 409 and 410: 398 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer C
Page 411 and 412: 400 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer w
Page 413 and 414: 402 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer 4
Page 415 and 416: 404 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer
Page 417 and 418: 406 Amory Fig. 1. The endocrinology
Page 419 and 420: 408 Amory pregnancies fathered by t
Page 421 and 422: 410 Amory antagonists can suppress
Page 423 and 424: 412 Amory 100-mg doses of weekly TE
Page 425 and 426: 414 Amory FUTURE DIRECTIONS Given t
Page 427 and 428: 416 Amory 22. Oral contraception. I
Page 429 and 430: 418 Amory
Page 431 and 432: 420 Anawalt inadequate androgen eff
Page 433 and 434: 422 Anawalt few specialty commercia
Page 435 and 436: 424 Anawalt Fig. 1. (C) Secondary h
Page 437 and 438: 426 Anawalt Fig. 2. Evaluation and
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428 Anawalt All men with secondary
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430 Anawalt anemia (38). With the a
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432 Anawalt osterone levels achieve
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434 Anawalt SIDE EFFECTS OF ANDROGE
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436 Anawalt 7. Rosner W. Errors in
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438 Anawalt 59. Mackey MA, Conway A
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440 Index polycystic ovaries, 131 A
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442 Index lipoid congenital adrenal
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444 Index women, 254 dihydrotestost
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446 Index Pituitary adenoma, male h
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448 Index lipoid congenital adrenal
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