Androgens in Health and Disease.pdf - E Library

Chapter 15/Androgens and Cognition 303
Fig. 7. Performance on the Spatial Array Learning Test—Revised and a mental rotation task in
a 61-yr-old Kallman’s patient before (light gray bars) and after 6 wk of T replacement (200 mg
T enanthate biweekly) (black bars). For the Spatial Array Learning Test—Revised, the patient
was required to learn seven abstract designs and their proper placement on a grid over several
trials. The left side of graph represents the total number of correct responses summed across five
trials. For the mental rotation task, the patient was asked to choose, between two possible choices,
the correct response that represented the stimulus item rotated in space. The right graph represents
choice reaction time; therefore, a decrease in response time represents an improvement.
Fig. 8. Performance on the WMS-R Logical Memory Subtest and Proactive Interference (PI)
measures of verbal memory in a 61-yr-old Kallman’s patient before (light gray bars) and after 6
wk of T replacement (200 mg T enanthate biweekly) (black bars). For the WMS-R LM, the patient
was required to listen to and recall two short narrative stories. The left side of graph represents
the total number of story bits recalled after a 30-min delay. For PI, the patient was asked to listen
to four successive word lists of semantically related words. The right graph represents the total
number of words recalled from the four lists.
hood is the most common form of treatment with the goal of reducing long-term consequences
of androgen deficiency such as osteoporosis.
Cognitive difficulties present during childhood and adolescence have been reported,
and they include lower verbal IQ compared to performance IQ, developmental speech and
language delays, learning disabilities (e.g., reading and written expression difficulties),
and poor school performance (122–125). However, because these difficulties have been
reported prior to adolescence (when androgen deficiency develops), the connection
between these difficulties and hormone imbalance is unclear. Recently, Patwardhan
et al. (2000) found that Klinfelter’s syndrome (XXY) men demonstrate a reduction in left
temporal lobe gray-matter volumes on MRI compared with normal control subjects, sug-