Androgens in Health and Disease.pdf - E Library

440 Index
polycystic ovaries, 131
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS),
androgen receptor mutations,
DNA-binding domain mutations, 111, 112
ligand binding absence,
large-scale deletions, 105, 107
point mutations, 109
premature termination codons, 108
small deletions and insertions, 107, 108
splice variants, 108, 109
ligand binding decreased levels, 112, 113
ligand binding qualitative abnormalities,
109–111
minimal defects of virilization, 113, 114
phenotype-genotype correlations, 114
bone mineral density, 225
infertility, 60
phenotypic spectrum, 37, 38, 104, 105,
114, 115
Reifenstein syndrome, 59, 105
testicular feminization, 58, 59, 104
Androgen receptor (AR),
antiandrogens, 25
coactivators, 35, 36, 159–161
corepressors, 35, 36
gene,
locus, 158
polymorphisms, 115
structure, 27, 158
ligand-independent activation, 36, 37
mutations, see also Androgen insensitivity
syndrome; Prostate cancer,
distribution of mutations, 116, 117
male infertility, 39
spinal bulbar muscular atrophy, 38, 39,
115–117
phosphorylation, 27, 37
steroid response elements, 33, 34
structure,
DNA-binding domain, 29-31
hinge region, 32
ligand-binding domain, 32, 33
nuclear localization signal, 31, 32
overview, 28, 105
transactivation domain, 28, 29
transcriptional activation mechanism, 23, 24,
34, 35, 158
Androgen replacement therapy (ART),
body composition effects, see Body composition,
androgen effects
bone response,
men, 226
women, 226, 227
cognition effects, see Cognition, androgen
effects,
coronary artery disease effects,
eugonadal men and lipid profiles, 201, 202
hemostatic system effects, 204
high-density lipoprotein, 199, 203
hypogonadal men and lipid profiles, 200, 201
lipoprotein(a), 203
men, 195
overview, 209
women, 195, 196
delivery systems
selection, 150, 151
types, 141, 358, 359, 373–375
dosing and frequency of administration, 146,
358, 359
female androgen deficiency, see Androgen
deficiency, female
formulations under development, 324-326, 433
history of study, 360, 381, 382
hypogonadism treatment, see Hypogonadism,
male
implants, 147, 148, 324
injectables, 144, 146
intramuscular testosterone esters, 430-432
local side effects, 329, 330
monitoring, 359, 360
older men supplementation, see Aging
oral preparations, 142–144, 432
parenteral testosterone esters for hypogonadism
treatment, 317, 320–322
prostate cancer risks, 178, 328
puberty,
constitutional delay of growth and puberty,
341, 342
permanent hypogonadism, 342–344
response heterogeneity and predictors, 395–397
selective androgen receptor modulators, 150, 326
sexual function effects, see Sexual function
testosterone derivatives, 142, 317–319
transdermal preparations, 148–150,
322–324, 432
women, 373–375
Andropause, see Aging
Anorexia nervosa, sexual function response to
testosterone, 281, 282
Aplastic anemia, androgen therapy, 237, 238
AR, see Androgen receptor
Aromatase,
estrogen synthesis from testosterone, 16
knockout mouse studies,
clinical relevance, 98, 99
follicle-stimulating hormone levels, 93
luteinizing hormone levels, 92, 93