Androgens in Health and Disease.pdf - E Library

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Index 441 prostate differentiation and function, 97 seminal vesicle development, 98 sexual behavior, 91, 92 spermatogenesis, 94, 96, 97 mutation effects in males, 16, 17, 98 ART, see Androgen replacement therapy Autoimmune testicular failure, types, 63 B Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), α1-blocker studies, 80, 81 androgen replacement therapy risks, 178, 328, 356, 357 antihormonal treatment, 178 definition, 170 epidemiology, 157, 170, 171 estrogen role, 171, 172 growth factors, 172 histopathology, 171 race differences, 170, 171 steroid 5α-reductase inhibitor therapy, 79–81 testosterone role, 171 Body composition, androgen effects, aging, androgen replacement therapy, see Aging changes with aging, 249, 250, 350, 353–355 eugonadal men, testosterone response, 247–249 fat metabolism, 397 human immunodeficiency virus, AIDS wasting syndrome and androgen replacement therapy, 250, 252–254 testosterone deficiency, 250 hypogonadal men, body composition, 382, 383 testosterone response, 243–247, 384, 385 muscle satellite cell response to testosterone, 387, 390, 391, 400 overview, 243, 255 puberty changes, 336 testosterone supraphysiologic dose effect on body composition and strength, 385, 386 women studies, AIDS wasting syndrome, 254, 371 menopause, 253, 254, 371 transsexuals, 253 Bone, aging effects, 350, 351 androgens, androgen replacement therapy response, men, 226, 353 women, 226, 227, 369, 370 animal model studies, 224 bioavailability, 223 deficiency and osteoporosis, 225, 226 direct effects on bone cells, 223 human studies, 224, 225 metabolism, 224 prospects for study, 227 estrogen roles, 224 marrow, see Erythropoiesis modeling, 222 puberty maturation and sex steroids, 336–341 remodeling and regulation, 222, 223 BPH, see Benign prostatic hyperplasia Breast cancer, androgen inhibition, 371, 372 androgen receptor, distribution, 371 mutations, 112 C CAD, see Coronary artery disease CAH, see Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Chemotherapy, hypogonadism induction, 63 Cholesterol, mitochondrial transport, 7, 8 sources for steroidogenesis, 6 uptake, 6 Cirrhosis, hypogonadism, 69 Clitoromegaly, features, 126 Cognition, androgen effects, aging effects, 351 androgen replacement therapy effects in aging, 297, 299, 355 animal studies, activational effects, 293 organizational effects, 292, 293 central nervous system effects of testosterone, 291, 292 congenital adrenal hyperplasia studies, 299–301 endogenous androgen levels and cognitive performance, 293, 294 exogenous androgen effects, 296 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, 295, 296 history of study, 291 hypogonadism studies, isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, 301, 302 Kallmann’s syndrome, 301, 302 Klinefelter’s syndrome, 302–304 prospects for study, 304 sex differences, 294 spatial task considerations, 294, 295 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), cognition studies, 299–301
442 Index lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein mutations, 7 nonclassical form and androgen excess in women, 130 Contraception, see Male contraception; Oral contraceptives Coronary artery disease (CAD), dehydroepiandrosterone effects, 208 epidemiology, 191, 192 estrogen effects in men, 208, 209 hematocrit levels and cardiovascular disease risks, 239, 240 macrophage effects of testosterone, 206–208 platelet effects of testosterone, 208 serum testosterone levels and risks, animal studies, 196, 197 men, anabolic steroid users, 194, 195 androgen replacement therapy effects, 195, 355 cross-sectional clinical studies, 192 endogenous androgen deprivation effects, 194 prospective cohort studies, 192 women, androgen replacement therapy effects, 195, 196, 370, 371 overview, 192, 193 polycystic ovarian syndrome, 193, 194 testosterone effects on risk factors, adipose tissue and insulin resistance effects of endogenous testosterone, men, 198 polycystic ovarian syndrome, 198, 199 women, 198 androgen replacement therapy effects, eugonadal men and lipid profiles, 201, 202 hemostatic system effects, 204 high-density lipoprotein, 199, 203 hypogonadal men and lipid profiles, 200, 201, 329 lipoprotein(a), 203 overview, 209 vasoreactivity effects of androgens, 204–206 CPA, see Cyproterone acetate Cryptorchidism, features, 61 Cushing’s syndrome, androgen excess in women, 131 CYP11A, luteinizing hormone induction, 8 testosterone synthesis, 4 CYP19, see Aromatase Cyproterone acetate (CPA), deviant sexual behavior control, 266 male contraception, 412 sexual function effects on females, 281 D Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), aging effects on levels, 367 bone effects in women, 369, 370 coronary artery disease effects, 208 metabolism, 366 puberty levels, 338 regulation of secretion, 366 replacement effects on female sexual function, 278, 279, 367, 368 Desogestrel (DSG), male contraception, 411, 412 DHEA, see Dehydroepiandrosterone DHT, see Dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), see also Steroid 5αreductase, cognition effects, 293 deficiency in human immunodeficiency virus, 391 functions, 78, 79, 142 gels for androgen replacement therapy, 149, 150, 325 inactivation, 16 metabolism, 26, 77, 78 protein binding, 78 synthesis from testosterone, 15, 16, 26, 77 DSG, see Desogestrel Dutasteride, acne studies, 83 E End-stage renal disease, see Uremia ER, see Estrogen receptor Erectile dysfunction, testosterone levels, 267, 268 Erythropoiesis, androgen stimulation, aging effects, 351, 352 clinical applications, anemia of renal failure, androgen plus erythropoietin trial, 237 androgen vs erythropoietin comparison trial, 236 anephric vs intact kidney patients, 236 erythropoietin response, 236 overview, 235, 236 aplastic anemia, 237, 238 hemolytic anemia, 238 myelodysplastic syndrome, 238 polycythemia risks, 238, 239 side effects, 238 hematocrit levels and cardiovascular disease risks, 239, 240
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CONTEMPORARY ENDOCRINOLOGY Androgen
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CONTEMPORARY ENDOCRINOLOGY P. Micha
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© 2003 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
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vi Preface We hope Androgens in Hea
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viii Contents 13 Androgens and Body
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x Contributors RICHARD S. LEGRO, MD
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2 Winters and Clark
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4 Winters and Clark chorionic gonad
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6 Winters and Clark LH REGULATION O
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8 Winters and Clark These enzymes a
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10 Winters and Clark -subunit mRNA
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12 Winters and Clark Fig. 3. A sche
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14 Winters and Clark Table 1 Factor
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16 Winters and Clark Table 2 Tissue
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18 Winters and Clark 11. Thomas JL,
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20 Winters and Clark 61. Dufau ML,
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22 Winters and Clark 112. Raivio T,
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24 Brown Fig. 1. Mechanism for andr
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26 Brown increase in intracellular
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28 Brown Fig. 2. Structural and fun
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30 Brown Fig. 3. Amino acid sequenc
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32 Brown tions to shuttle the AR th
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34 Brown Fig. 4. Amino acid primary
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36 Brown part of an inactive chroma
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38 Brown the external genitalia is
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40 Brown tors, as well as the trans
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42 Brown 49. Williams SP, Sigler PB
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44 Brown 100. Gregory CW, He B, Joh
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46 Plymate Table 1 Classification o
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48 Plymate In addition to the direc
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50 Plymate LABORATORY FINDINGS In p
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52 Plymate those manifesting as phe
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54 Plymate result in some improveme
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56 Plymate If both testosterone and
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58 Plymate Persistent Müllerian Du
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60 Plymate INFERTILITY RESULTING FR
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62 Plymate unaffected, contralatera
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64 Plymate SECONDARY HYPOGONADISM H
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66 Plymate Other syndromes manifest
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68 Plymate period after the burn. I
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70 Plymate These findings suggest t
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72 Plymate 49. Goebelsmann U, Horto
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74 Plymate 104. Yoshimoto Y, Moride
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76 Plymate
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78 Sutton, Amory, and Clark levels
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80 Sutton, Amory, and Clark cebo in
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82 Sutton, Amory, and Clark Finaste
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84 Sutton, Amory, and Clark through
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86 Sutton, Amory, and Clark 40. The
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88 Sutton, Amory, and Clark 88. Rob
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90 Lindzey and Korach Fig. 1. Cellu
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92 Lindzey and Korach estrogen sign
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94 Lindzey and Korach TESTIS AND DU
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96 Lindzey and Korach sufficient to
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98 Lindzey and Korach Seminal Vesic
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100 Lindzey and Korach 17. Krege JH
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102 Lindzey and Korach 68. Chang WY
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104 McPhaul on the Y chromosome det
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106 106 McPhaul
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108 McPhaul number of alleles, dele
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110 McPhaul The first mutation of t
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112 McPhaul gene. In vitro studies
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114 McPhaul risk of impaired sperma
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116 McPhaul carrying a single mutan
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118 McPhaul REFERENCES 1. Koopman P
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120 McPhaul 45. Weidemann W, Peters
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122 McPhaul 92. Koivisto P, Kononen
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124 Legro Fig. 1. The spectrum of p
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126 Legro Virilization presents wit
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128 Legro Fig. 3. The paradox of an
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130 Legro small high-density athero
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132 Legro Table 2 Syndromes or Dise
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134 Legro Insulin-Sensitizing Agent
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136 Legro is undetermined according
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138 Legro 39. Lee O, Farquhar C, To
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140 Legro
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142 Wang and Swerdloff PHARMACOLOGY
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144 Wang and Swerdloff The 17α-alk
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146 Wang and Swerdloff Table 2 Dose
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148 Wang and Swerdloff The steroid
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150 Wang and Swerdloff The inabilit
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152 Wang and Swerdloff 15. De Lorim
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154 Wang and Swerdloff
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156 Marcelli et al.
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158 Marcelli et al. Differentiated
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160 Marcelli et al. These coactivat
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162 Marcelli et al. tigators have e
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164 Marcelli et al. AR in Prostate
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166 Marcelli et al. Table 1 Androge
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168 Marcelli et al. A molecular exp
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170 Marcelli et al. The above data
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172 Marcelli et al. up to 9 yr late
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174 Marcelli et al. Three major pha
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176 Marcelli et al. vitro model of
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178 Marcelli et al. yr, survival wa
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180 Marcelli et al. 26. McKenna NJ,
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182 Marcelli et al. 78. Isaacs J, C
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184 Marcelli et al. 126. Watanabe M
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186 Marcelli et al. 177. Kousteni S
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188 Marcelli et al. 231. Colombel M
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190 Marcelli et al.
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192 Wu and von Eckardstein contrace
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194 Wu and von Eckardstein beam com
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196 Wu and von Eckardstein excess o
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198 Wu and von Eckardstein Endogeno
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Table 3 Change in Lipids in Hypogon
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Table 3 (continued) ∆LDL ∆HDL
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204 Wu and von Eckardstein THE HEMO
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206 Wu and von Eckardstein In vivo
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208 Wu and von Eckardstein (uptake
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210 Wu and von Eckardstein 4. Bhasi
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212 Wu and von Eckardstein 57. Barr
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214 Wu and von Eckardstein 107. Fra
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216 Wu and von Eckardstein 152. Zmu
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218 Wu and von Eckardstein 201. Cho
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220 Wu and von Eckardstein 250. Eic
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222 Kenny and Raisz with a cartilag
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224 Kenny and Raisz METABOLISM OF A
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226 Kenny and Raisz The level of th
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228 Kenny and Raisz REFERENCES 1. G
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230 Kenny and Raisz 51. Morishima A
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232 Kenny and Raisz 103. Snyder PJ,
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234 Basaria and Dobs losses in wome
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236 Basaria and Dobs 15 dialysis pa
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238 Basaria and Dobs duced remissio
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240 Basaria and Dobs hematocrit lev
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242 Basaria and Dobs 40. Sanchez-Me
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244 Katznelson in men with testoste
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246 Katznelson Fig. 1. Body weight,
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248 Katznelson change during treatm
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250 Katznelson testosterone or free
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252 Katznelson disproportionate dec
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254 Katznelson have been additional
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256 Katznelson 18. Marin P, Lonn L,
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258 Katznelson 71. Davis SR, McClou
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260 Bancroft Androgen Deficiency an
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262 Bancroft studies had presented
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264 Bancroft Bagatell et al. (36) g
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266 Bancroft much larger group of a
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268 Bancroft In a report of a serie
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270 Bancroft onset was related to a
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272 Bancroft Particularly confusing
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274 Bancroft 4. Studies using place
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276 Bancroft either E and T or plac
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278 Bancroft cytotoxic therapy supp
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280 Bancroft Women with Endocrine A
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282 Bancroft in response to the fil
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284 Bancroft Men are much more awar
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286 Bancroft 22. Morales A, Johnsto
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288 Bancroft 78. Hyde JS, DeLamater
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290 Bancroft 129. Appelt H, Strauss
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292 Cherrier and Craft Fig. 1. Path
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294 Cherrier and Craft ment of the
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296 Cherrier and Craft information
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298 Cherrier and Craft Fig. 3. Wech
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300 Cherrier and Craft gen excess r
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302 Cherrier and Craft occurring wi
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304 Cherrier and Craft gesting that
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306 Cherrier and Craft 39. Gouchie
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308 Cherrier and Craft 94. Kelso WM
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310 Cherrier and Craft
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312 Matsumoto
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314 Matsumoto long-term benefits an
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316 Matsumoto manifestations (7). F
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318 Formulation Usual adult dosage
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320 Matsumoto Fig. 1. Mean serum T
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322 Matsumoto dosage is increased g
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324 Matsumoto Androgel 5 g (50 mg o
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326 Matsumoto gen receptor and tiss
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328 Matsumoto such as hepatic cirrh
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330 Matsumoto occasionally, more se
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332 Matsumoto 27. Bhasin S, Bremner
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334 Matsumoto 77. Dobs AS, Meikle A
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336 Richmond and Rogol PHYSIOLOGY O
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338 Richmond and Rogol activity (28
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340 Richmond and Rogol increase lin
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342 Richmond and Rogol curve, the h
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344 Richmond and Rogol Permanent hy
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346 Richmond and Rogol 46. Stanhope
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348 Tenover In aging men, the combi
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350 Tenover Table 1 Changes in Andr
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352 Tenover studies in which eugona
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354 Tenover Table 3 Testosterone Th
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356 Tenover Table 5 ART in Older Me
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358 Tenover be overcome with either
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360 Tenover Laboratory tests should
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362 Tenover 40. Kohrt WM, Malley MT
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364 Tenover 95. Mooradian AD, Morle
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366 Davis Table 1 Proposed Androgen
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368 Davis transdermal testosterone
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370 Davis increase in circulating t
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372 Davis (93). Most recently, Zhou
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374 Davis Table 4 Androgen Replacem
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376 Davis 8. Vierhapper H, Nowotny
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378 Davis 60. Simberg N, Titinen A,
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380 Davis
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382 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer h
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384 Table 2 Effects of Testosterone
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386 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer e
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388 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer F
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Page 405 and 406: Table 4 Effects of Testosterone Sup
Page 407 and 408: 396 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer c
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Page 413 and 414: 402 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer 4
Page 415 and 416: 404 Bhasin, Woodhouse, and Storer
Page 417 and 418: 406 Amory Fig. 1. The endocrinology
Page 419 and 420: 408 Amory pregnancies fathered by t
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Page 423 and 424: 412 Amory 100-mg doses of weekly TE
Page 425 and 426: 414 Amory FUTURE DIRECTIONS Given t
Page 427 and 428: 416 Amory 22. Oral contraception. I
Page 429 and 430: 418 Amory
Page 431 and 432: 420 Anawalt inadequate androgen eff
Page 433 and 434: 422 Anawalt few specialty commercia
Page 435 and 436: 424 Anawalt Fig. 1. (C) Secondary h
Page 437 and 438: 426 Anawalt Fig. 2. Evaluation and
Page 439 and 440: 428 Anawalt All men with secondary
Page 441 and 442: 430 Anawalt anemia (38). With the a
Page 443 and 444: 432 Anawalt osterone levels achieve
Page 445 and 446: 434 Anawalt SIDE EFFECTS OF ANDROGE
Page 447 and 448: 436 Anawalt 7. Rosner W. Errors in
Page 449 and 450: 438 Anawalt 59. Mackey MA, Conway A
Page 451: 440 Index polycystic ovaries, 131 A
Page 455 and 456: 444 Index women, 254 dihydrotestost
Page 457 and 458: 446 Index Pituitary adenoma, male h
Page 459 and 460: 448 Index lipoid congenital adrenal
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