environmental assessment for the hog lake road improvement project

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Ramona Hog Lake Road Improvement Project August 2011 Figure 7: Air Quality Management Districts Frank Springer & Associates, Inc. Page 33 of 79 Environmental Assessment
Ramona Hog Lake Road Improvement Project August 2011 Typical vehicle traffic in the future is not expected to increase due to this future business endeavor of the Ramona Tribe, as guests will be required to park offsite on private property and access to the Center will be by electric golf-cart, or similar vehicle, driven by employees of the Center. Pollutants and Effects Ozone: The most persistent air quality problem in the SCAB is high ozone (O3) concentrations. SCAB is located in an “extreme” non-attainment area for O3. O3 is the principal component of smog and is formed in the atmosphere through a complex series of photochemical reactions involving reactive organic compounds (ROC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are commonly referred to as precursors of O3 and are both considered critical in O3 formation. Motor vehicles are the major source of O3 precursors in the air basin. During late spring, summer, and early fall, light winds, low mixing heights, and abundant sunshine combine to produce conditions favorable for maximum production of O3. The SCAB is designated as being in non-attainment with both the federal and State ozone standards. Carbon Monoxide: CO, a colorless gas, interferes with the transfer of oxygen to the brain. CO is emitted almost exclusively from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Along with carbon dioxide (CO2), CO is emitted by motor vehicles, power plants, refineries, industrial boilers, ships, aircraft, and trains. Automobile exhausts release most of the CO in urban areas, CO concentrations, are influenced by local meteorological conditions, primarily wind speed, topography, and atmospheric stability. The SCAB is designated as being in attainment with both the federal and State carbon monoxide standards. Nitrogen Dioxide: NO2 is a brownish gas that irritates the lungs. It can cause breathing difficulties at high concentrations. Like ozone, NO2 is not directly emitted, but is formed by a reaction between nitric oxide (NO) and atmospheric oxygen. NO and NO2 are collectively referred to as nitrogen oxides (N0x) and are major contributors to ozone formation. NO2 also contributes to the formation of PM10 (small liquid and solid particles that are less than ten microns in diameter). The SCAB has not exceeded either federal or state standards for nitrogen dioxides in the past five years. It is designated as a maintenance area (an area that was once classified as non-attainment but has recently shown achievement of air quality standards) under federal standards and as an attainment area under state standards. Particulate Matter: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and coarse particulate matter (PM10) include dust, dirt, soot, smoke and liquid droplets directly emitted into the air by sources such as factories, power plants, cars, construction activity, fires and natural windblown dust. Particles formed in the atmosphere by condensation or the transformation of emitted gases such as SO2 and VOCs are also considered particulate matter. Frank Springer & Associates, Inc. Page 34 of 79 Environmental Assessment
Page 1 and 2: FINAL FRANK SPRINGER & ASSOCIATES,
Page 3 and 4: LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Mitigation
Page 5 and 6: Ramona Hog Lake Road Improvement Pr
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