Vermiculture in Egypt: - FAO - Regional Office for the Near East and

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 4.6. Solid waste amount produced by governorates and the organic materials percentages for the year 2008. Governorate Cairo Alexandria Port Said Suez Damietta Behairah Kafr_El Sheikh Dakahlia Ismailia Menoufia Gharbia Sharqia Qalyubia Giza Fayoum Beni Suef Menia Assiut Suhag Qena Aswan Luxor Red Sea New Valley Matruh North Sinai South Sinai Total Source: CAPMAS (2010) Total waste (Ton/Day) 44 10000 2700 1014 325 1319 911 1361 3718 572 897 2960 717 1738 9062 706 924 785 187 98 343 364 164 395 917 260 337 287 43061 % of organic material 50% 65% 34% 50% 70% 60% 80% 70% 75% 65% 65% 70% 70% 60% 60% 65% 50% 75% 80% 90% 8% 50% 20% 25% 40% 20% 75%
5. Potential of vermiculture as a means to produce fertilizers in Egypt. The concept of using earthworms to stabilize organic wastes (vermicomposting) is not new, and is in use on varying scales in a large number of both developed and underdeveloped countries. The capital cost of establishing systems has proven to be a barrier to the large scale use of vermicomposting, largely due to the high value placed on the worms themselves. Three factors contribute to the economic sustainability of the system. The first is the provision of a sustainable waste stabilization process, a service which can generate ongoing income but which, at the moment, is provided at minimal cost. The second is the creation of a saleable form of soil conditioner in the form of vermicast. The third is the production of protein in the form of worm-meal, a valuable source of amino acids, vitamins, long chain fatty acids and minerals for chicken and fish. Recycling of farm waste and composting is the other alternative to use mineral fertilizers. The increase in using compost in conventional agricultural will be coupled by a decrease in fertilizers usage and will result in higher quality production and less pollution hazards. Organic agriculture could be one of the important options that have a good opportunity in a wide zone of the newly reclaimed lands in Egypt. Wider production of organic material will increase the opportunities of more growers to join the organic farming. This chapter sheds the light on the fertilizer needs in Egypt and potentiality of using vermicompost as a fertilizer in Egypt, especially for organic farming. 5.1. Fertilizer use in Egypt Application of fertilizers for growing crops is a routine operation in modern agriculture and one of the essential requirements for a high quantity and quality yield under extensive agricultural systems. Fertilizers are primary input in extensive agricultural systems, but they are considered as one of the important sources of air, water and soil pollution as well as greenhouse gases (greenhouse gases) of climate change. Egypt has a long history of using mineral fertilizers. On the other hand, excessive amounts of soluble salts in the soil can prevent or delay seed germination, kill or seriously retard plant growth, and possibly render soils and groundwater unusable. The degree of environmental impacts can depend on the fertilizer application method. The Egyptian fertilizers first production was from about 75 years ago. Now, Egypt is ranked as one of the countries that are highly consuming fertilizers in agricultural activities. The total production quantity of fertilizers is approximately reaches to 2 million Mt, 32% of the total production is exported. Excessive use of such chemical components have a harmful effect on the Egyptian environment and human health, 45
Page 1 and 2:
Vermiculture in Egypt: Current Deve
Page 3 and 4: The designations employed and the p
Page 5 and 6: 4.3. Overview of organic waste reco
Page 7 and 8: List of tables Table 1.1 Major fami
Page 9: SF6 Sulphur hexafluoride SWM Solid
Page 12 and 13: Executive Summary Vermiculture in E
Page 14 and 15: For three millennia (3,000 years),
Page 16 and 17: 1.3. Types of earthworms Earthworm
Page 18 and 19: enclosure could not be ascribed wit
Page 20 and 21: 2. Trial of vermiculture and vermic
Page 22 and 23: Table 2.2. Advantages and disadvant
Page 24 and 25: 2.1.3. Moisture The bedding used mu
Page 26 and 27: The growth of E. fetida in organic
Page 28 and 29: 18 Photo 2.3. Commercial vermicompo
Page 30 and 31: 2.3. The trial experience in Egypt
Page 32 and 33: 2.3.4. Moisture Photo 2.9. The loca
Page 34 and 35: - Placing narrow strips of 1-2 day
Page 36 and 37: 3. Use of compost worms globally in
Page 38 and 39: vermicastings produced per crop is
Page 40 and 41: users in Dharwad) and $3.2 per ton
Page 42 and 43: 3.4. Vermicompost „teas‟ in Ohi
Page 44 and 45: 4. Current on-farm and urban organi
Page 46 and 47: The clearly evident symptoms of the
Page 48 and 49: whole; in many cities the municipal
Page 50 and 51: 4.3. Overview of organic waste reco
Page 52 and 53: Table 4.4. Egypt‟s Integrated Sol
Page 56 and 57: which needs to find other alternati
Page 58 and 59: The latest fertilizers consumption
Page 60 and 61: 5.3.2. Vermicomposting of agricultu
Page 62 and 63: Table 5.3. Potential nutrients that
Page 64 and 65: demand in the world. Thus earthworm
Page 66 and 67: earthworms, delivering a protein pu
Page 68 and 69: the cost of fish-keeping, but also
Page 70 and 71: aquaculture started to exert some s
Page 72 and 73: 7. Current on-farm and urban organi
Page 74 and 75: 7.2 Total emissions from waste sect
Page 76 and 77: Greenhouse gases Source & Sink Cate
Page 78 and 79: CH4 ; Figure 7.1. Egypt‟s greenho
Page 80 and 81: properties of the treated sludge, t
Page 82 and 83: The United Nations Framework Conven
Page 84 and 85: 2. Abatement of nitrous oxide from
Page 86 and 87: 9. Analysis of the Egyptian context
Page 88 and 89: Table 9.1. Summary of identified mi
Page 90 and 91: References Aldadi, H.; A.R. Parvare
Page 92 and 93: Ghafoor, A.; M. Hassan and Z.H. Alv
Page 94 and 95: Sunitha, ND; R. S. Giraddi,; K. A.
Page 96 and 97: How long will the material ingested
Page 98 and 99: earthworm test species. This specie
show all

Vermiculture in Egypt: - FAO - Regional Office for the Near East and

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?