Vermiculture in Egypt: - FAO - Regional Office for the Near East and

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CH4 ; Figure 7.1. Egypt‟s greenhouse gases emissions by gas type for the year 2000 in mega ton CO2 equivalent. Source: EEAA (2010). Table 7.3. Egypt‟s greenhouse gases emissions by sector for the year 2000 Sector N2 O; 39.44 ; 20% PFC; 24.36 ; 13% 1.04 ; 1% Emissions (mega ton CO2 equivalent) 68 SF6; 0.11; 0% HFC's blend; 0.05; 0% CO2; 128.22; 66% Emissions (%) Fuel Combustion 105.5 55 Fugitive Fuel Emissions 10.8 6 Agriculture 31.7 16 Industrial Processes 27.8 14 Waste 17.5 9 TOTAL 193.3 100 Source: EEAA (2010).
Agriculture; 31.72; 16% Industrial Processes; ; 27.77; 14% Fuel Combustion Waste; 17.49; 9% Fugitive fuel; 10.81; 6% Fugitive fuel emissions Figure 7.2. Egypt‟s greenhouse gases emissions by sector for the year 2000, in mega ton CO2 equivalent. Source: EEAA(2010). Table (7.3) and figure (7.2) show the change of sectors‟ contribution to Egypt‟s total inventory. It is clear that the total greenhouse gas emissions of Egypt increased in 2000 to be 165% of that in 1990. During this period Egypt‟s population increased by 123% with an increase in the GDP of 277% (Ministry of Economic Development, 2007). The ratio of GDP, at the 1981/82 fixed prices, for the year 2000 to that for 1990 is 151%, denoting that the increase in greenhouse gas emissions seems to be correlated to the GDP increase rather than the population growth. It is clear that emissions from agriculture are the second after fuel combustion and before industrial processes. 7.4. Vermifilters in domestic wastewater treatment There is another important use that helps the environment which is the use of vermiculture as a biological filter for domestic waste water. use of earthworms in filtration systems, which has been termed vermifiltration (VF) (Xing et al., 2010). Since then, several studies have been conducted to evaluate the use of vermifilters in domestic wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater treatment, and swine wastewater treatment processes, as well as in simultaneous sludge reduction processes. However, less attention has been given to the use of vermifilters to dispose of excess sludge directly. Moreover, most studies conducted to evaluate VFs have only focused on the contamination purification efficiencies, but the interactions between earthworms and microorganisms, which are very important for understanding the sludge stabilization mechanisms involved in VFs, have not been fully investigated. A study was conducted to explore the feasibility of using a VF to stabilize sewage sludge while focusing on elucidating the earthworm–microorganism interactions responsible for the decomposition of organic matter in the vermifilter. Additionally, this investigation sought to identify the primary mechanism by which sewage sludge stabilization in the vermifilter occurs based on the chemical and spectroscopic 69 Industrial Processes Fuel Combustion; 105.51; 55% Agriculture Waste
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Vermiculture in Egypt: Current Deve
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The designations employed and the p
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4.3. Overview of organic waste reco
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List of tables Table 1.1 Major fami
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SF6 Sulphur hexafluoride SWM Solid
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Executive Summary Vermiculture in E
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For three millennia (3,000 years),
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1.3. Types of earthworms Earthworm
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enclosure could not be ascribed wit
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2. Trial of vermiculture and vermic
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Table 2.2. Advantages and disadvant
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2.1.3. Moisture The bedding used mu
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The growth of E. fetida in organic
Page 28 and 29: 18 Photo 2.3. Commercial vermicompo
Page 30 and 31: 2.3. The trial experience in Egypt
Page 32 and 33: 2.3.4. Moisture Photo 2.9. The loca
Page 34 and 35: - Placing narrow strips of 1-2 day
Page 36 and 37: 3. Use of compost worms globally in
Page 38 and 39: vermicastings produced per crop is
Page 40 and 41: users in Dharwad) and $3.2 per ton
Page 42 and 43: 3.4. Vermicompost „teas‟ in Ohi
Page 44 and 45: 4. Current on-farm and urban organi
Page 46 and 47: The clearly evident symptoms of the
Page 48 and 49: whole; in many cities the municipal
Page 50 and 51: 4.3. Overview of organic waste reco
Page 52 and 53: Table 4.4. Egypt‟s Integrated Sol
Page 54 and 55: Table 4.6. Solid waste amount produ
Page 56 and 57: which needs to find other alternati
Page 58 and 59: The latest fertilizers consumption
Page 60 and 61: 5.3.2. Vermicomposting of agricultu
Page 62 and 63: Table 5.3. Potential nutrients that
Page 64 and 65: demand in the world. Thus earthworm
Page 66 and 67: earthworms, delivering a protein pu
Page 68 and 69: the cost of fish-keeping, but also
Page 70 and 71: aquaculture started to exert some s
Page 72 and 73: 7. Current on-farm and urban organi
Page 74 and 75: 7.2 Total emissions from waste sect
Page 76 and 77: Greenhouse gases Source & Sink Cate
Page 80 and 81: properties of the treated sludge, t
Page 82 and 83: The United Nations Framework Conven
Page 84 and 85: 2. Abatement of nitrous oxide from
Page 86 and 87: 9. Analysis of the Egyptian context
Page 88 and 89: Table 9.1. Summary of identified mi
Page 90 and 91: References Aldadi, H.; A.R. Parvare
Page 92 and 93: Ghafoor, A.; M. Hassan and Z.H. Alv
Page 94 and 95: Sunitha, ND; R. S. Giraddi,; K. A.
Page 96 and 97: How long will the material ingested
Page 98 and 99: earthworm test species. This specie
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