Vermiculture in Egypt: - FAO - Regional Office for the Near East and

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Sunitha, ND; R. S. Giraddi,; K. A. Kulkarni; and S. Lingappa, 1997. Evaluation methods of vermicomposting under open field conditions. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences 10(4), pp: 987–990. Suthar, S. 2008. Bioconversion of post harvest crop residues and cattle shed manure into value-added products using earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae Kinberg. ecological engineering 32, pp: 206–214. Suthar, S. 2010. Pilot-scale vermireactors for sewage sludge stabilization and metal remediation process: Comparison with small-scale vermireactors. Ecological Engineering, Volume 36, Issue 5, pp: 703-712. Tilth, 1982. Earthworms - surprising partners in the creation of fertile Soils. Tilth producers quarterly, A journal of organic and sustainable agriculture, 8(1 & 2) (Soil supplement), Twomlow, S. 2004. Water, soil and agro-diversity management for ecosystem resilience, annual report 2003, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ICRISAT, Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India. Venkatesh, R. M. and T. Eevera. 2008. “Mass reduction and recovery of nutrients through vermicomposting of fly ash,” applied ecology and environmental research, 6, pp: 77–84. Wassef, E. A. 2005. Alternative protein sources for fish feeds in Egypt. Mediterranean Fish Nutrition, 63, pp: 127-142. Xing, Meiyan; X. Li and Y. Jian. 2010. Treatment performance of small-scale vermifilter for domestic wastewater and its relationship to earthworm growth, reproduction and enzymatic activity. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(44), pp: 7513-7520. Yaqub, H. 1991. Earthworm and maggot meals as a potential fish meal replacement. Thesis .Institute of Renewable Natural Resources U.S.T., Kumasi, Ghana: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1268 . Yousefi, Z., M. Ramezani, S. K. A. Mohamadi, R. A. Mohammadpour and A. Nemati. 2009. Identification of earthworms species in sari township in Northern Iran, 2007-2008. J. Applied Sci., 9, pp: 3746-3751. Zhaoa, L.; Y. Wang; J. Yanga; M. Xinga; X. Lia; D. Yia, and D. Denga. 2010. Earthworm–microorganism interactions: A strategy to stabilize domestic wastewater sludge. Water research, 44, Issue 8, pp: 2572-2582. 84
General information and FAQ WORM FACTS Annex 1 SMALLEST: Less than an inch LARGEST: 22 Foot found in South Africa An earthworm has a brain, five hearts, and “ breathes” through its skin An earthworm produces its own weight in casts everyday There are over 1 million earthworms in one acre of soil Earthworms can burrow as deep as fifteen feet Earthworms are 82% protein and are a food source for many people around the world Eating earthworms can reduce cholesterol, as the basic essential oil of earthworms is Omega 3 Benefits of Earthworms Increased moisture absorption Improved soil aeration and drainage Leaching counteracted by nutrient-rich castingsbrought to the surface Nutrients are pre-digested, making them readily available to microorganisms and plants Worm castings form aggregates which improve soil structure Castings neutralize soil by buffering acid and alkaline conditions Worm tunnels create fertile channels for the growth of plant roots The bottom line: Earthworms increase crop yields while building soil fertility reserves. FAQ Compost Worm - Do compost worms also eat normal earth or only rotting organic material? Although the compost worms Eisenia foetida and Eisenia andrei are not commonly found in mineral grounds, scientific investigations show that they also eat mineral earth. However, they select an organic enriched fraction from the bulk soil (approximately by a factor 2), which is also typical for soil dwelling worms. Therefore, compost worms can also be used to clean contaminated mineral grounds. Can compost worms be used for decontamination of mineral soils? Yes, because they eat mineral soils too. Experiments were done with the harbour sludge of Rotterdam. Eisenia andrei is commonly used in standard toxcicity tests and in bioassays for contaminated soils (Cortet et al., 1999). 85
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Vermiculture in Egypt: Current Deve
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The designations employed and the p
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4.3. Overview of organic waste reco
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List of tables Table 1.1 Major fami
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SF6 Sulphur hexafluoride SWM Solid
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Executive Summary Vermiculture in E
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For three millennia (3,000 years),
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1.3. Types of earthworms Earthworm
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enclosure could not be ascribed wit
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2. Trial of vermiculture and vermic
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Table 2.2. Advantages and disadvant
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2.1.3. Moisture The bedding used mu
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The growth of E. fetida in organic
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18 Photo 2.3. Commercial vermicompo
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2.3. The trial experience in Egypt
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2.3.4. Moisture Photo 2.9. The loca
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- Placing narrow strips of 1-2 day
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3. Use of compost worms globally in
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vermicastings produced per crop is
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users in Dharwad) and $3.2 per ton
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3.4. Vermicompost „teas‟ in Ohi
Page 44 and 45: 4. Current on-farm and urban organi
Page 46 and 47: The clearly evident symptoms of the
Page 48 and 49: whole; in many cities the municipal
Page 50 and 51: 4.3. Overview of organic waste reco
Page 52 and 53: Table 4.4. Egypt‟s Integrated Sol
Page 54 and 55: Table 4.6. Solid waste amount produ
Page 56 and 57: which needs to find other alternati
Page 58 and 59: The latest fertilizers consumption
Page 60 and 61: 5.3.2. Vermicomposting of agricultu
Page 62 and 63: Table 5.3. Potential nutrients that
Page 64 and 65: demand in the world. Thus earthworm
Page 66 and 67: earthworms, delivering a protein pu
Page 68 and 69: the cost of fish-keeping, but also
Page 70 and 71: aquaculture started to exert some s
Page 72 and 73: 7. Current on-farm and urban organi
Page 74 and 75: 7.2 Total emissions from waste sect
Page 76 and 77: Greenhouse gases Source & Sink Cate
Page 78 and 79: CH4 ; Figure 7.1. Egypt‟s greenho
Page 80 and 81: properties of the treated sludge, t
Page 82 and 83: The United Nations Framework Conven
Page 84 and 85: 2. Abatement of nitrous oxide from
Page 86 and 87: 9. Analysis of the Egyptian context
Page 88 and 89: Table 9.1. Summary of identified mi
Page 90 and 91: References Aldadi, H.; A.R. Parvare
Page 92 and 93: Ghafoor, A.; M. Hassan and Z.H. Alv
Page 96 and 97: How long will the material ingested
Page 98 and 99: earthworm test species. This specie
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