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Coupler Force, kN
Coupler Force, kN
400
0
- 400
- 800
- 1200
- 1600
- 2000
400
0
- 400
- 800
- 1200
40 60 80 100
Time,s
- 2400
40 60 80 100
Time,s
due to the brake pipe exhausting from both ends. The slower responses at positions 77 and 105 are
typical of ahead end train with only one pipe exhaust point. Coupler forces and associated wagon
accelerations for first and last wagon connections and at vehicles atintervals of 10% of train
length are shown inFigure 9.33. The same simulation is repeated toobtain the coupler forces in
Figure 9.34 with the coupling slack increased from 25 to 75 mm, illustrative of the significance of
slack action in brake applications.
E . G RAVITATIONAL C OMPONENTS
20
16
12
8
4
0
- 4
- 8
- 12
- 16
- 20
40 60 80 100
Time,s
FIGURE 9.34 Coupler forces and wagon accelerations —emergency application —increased slack to
75 mm.
Gravitational components, F g ,are added to longitudinal train models by simply resolving the
weight vector into components parallel and at right angles to the wagon body chassis. The parallel
component of the vehicle weight becomes F g .Onagrade, aforce will either be added to or
subtracted from the longitudinal forces on the wagon, Figure 9.1 and Figure 9.35.
Wagon Accelerations, m/s/s
Wagon Accelerations, m/s/s
8
4
0
- 4
- 8
- 12
40 60 80 100
Time,s
FIGURE 9.33 Coupler forces and wagon accelerations —emergency application.
mg sin q
q
mg
mg cos q
FIGURE 9.35 Modelling gravitational components.
© 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Handbook of Railway Vehicle Dynamics
m
F g=mgsin q