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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The first acknowledgement is directed to Queensland Rail, Australia, who through sponsorship of
collaborative research provided funding and technical supportfor the research into the longitudinal
train dynamics simulation and train dynamics management for both the author’s Doctoral studies
and subsequent industry projects. The second acknowledgement is to the Center of Railway
Engineering, Rockhampton, Australia and the team ofresearchers, programmers, and technicians
with whom the author works and whoseefforts ensurerobustresearch and supporting field measurements.
Finally, the author acknowledges and thanks his employer, Central Queensland University,
Rockhampton, Australia for releasing work time for him to write this chapter.
NOMENCLATURE
Handbook of Railway Vehicle Dynamics
a : Vehicle acceleration, m/sec 2
a XP: Acceleration in the longitudinal direction, m/sec 2
a YP: Acceleration in the lateral direction, m/sec 2
a ZP: Acceleration in the vertical direction, m/sec 2
c : Damping constant, Ns/m
f wc: Nonlinear wagon connection function or subroutine.
g : Gravitational acceleration in m/sec 2
h : Net altitude change, m
k : Spring stiffness, N/m
k ad: Air drag constant depending on car type
k f : Locomotive torque reduction factor, Newton per metre per second N/(m/sec)
m : Vehicle mass, kg
m a : Mass supported per axle in tonnes
m i: Vehicle mass i, kg
m t: train mass in kg
n : Number of axles
v : Vehicle velocity, m/sec
x : Vehicle displacement, m
E min: Minimum energy consumed, J
F b : Braking resistance due to pneumatic braking, N
F c : Coupler Force, N
F cr: Curving resistance, N
F g : Gravity force components due to track grade, N
F pr: Propulsion resistance, N
F r : Sum of retardation forces, N
F s : Draft gear spring force, N
F t/db: Traction and dynamic brake forces from alocomotive unit, N
K a : Adjustment factor depending on rollingstock type
L : Track route length, m
N : Throttle setting in notches, 0to8
P : Locomotive power, Watts
P max: Maximum locomotive traction horsepower, Watts
Q : Friction wedge factor
R : Curve radius, m
Temax: Maximum locomotive traction force, Newtons
V : Velocity inkilometres per hour
D V : Head wind speed, usually taken as 15 km/h
f : Wedge angle
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