Paper_Clip_Tutorial Part1.pdf - GaBi Software

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Conducting Life Cycle Assessments Figure 5: Allocation Example Figure 5 shows an example of a process where two products are produced. The resources used in this process and the emissions and wastes of the process have to be allocated to the two products. When the allocation is done proportionally to the product’s masses, product A would be assigned 90% of the resources and emissions, since the mass of product A is 90% of the overall mass of all products. If the allocation was done according to the products heating value, product A would be ascribed 99% of the resources and emissions. Since the choice of the allocation method can have a significant impact on the LCA results the ISO suggests that allocation should be avoided whenever possible. If it cannot be avoided, the allocation method should be described and the sensitivity of the results on different allocation methods should be described. The ISO also suggests that allocation according to physical relationships such as product mass or heating value rather than using non-physical relationships between the products (for example the market price). There are two ways to avoid allocation, substitution and system expansion. The topic of allocation requires much more explanation and is not covered in more detail here. 2.1.2.5 Data Quality Requirements Data quality requirements must be documented to define the required properties of the data for the study. Descriptions of data quality are important because the data quality has a significant influence on the results of the LCA study. Data quality requirements have to be determined at the beginning of the study. Mostly, data quality is a trade off between feasibility and completeness. The quality of a dataset can only be assessed if the characteristics of the data are sufficiently documented. Data quality does, therefore, correspond to the documentation quality. The following issues should be considered for the data quality: • Data acquisition: Is the data measured, calculated or estimated? How much of the data required is primary data (in %) and how much data is taken from literature and databases (secondary data)? 16
Conducting Life Cycle Assessments • Time-reference: When was this data obtained and have there been any major changes since the data collection that might affect the results? • Geographical reference: For what country or region is this data relevant? • Technology (Best Available Technology) – Is the secondary data from literature or databases representative for state-of-the-art-technology or for older technology? • Precision: Is the data a precise representation of the system? • Completeness: Are any data missing? How are data gaps filled? • Representivity, consistency, reproducibility: Is the data representative, consistent and can it be reproduced? 2.2 Life Cycle Inventory 2.2.1 General The Inventory Analysis is the LCA phase that involves the compilation and quantification of inputs and outputs for a given product system throughout its life cycle or for single processes. The inventory analysis includes data collection and the compilation of the data in a Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) table. 17
Page 1 and 2: GaBi Paper Clip Tutorial Part 1 Int
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents 1 Introduction to
Page 5 and 6: 19 Working with the balance tab ...
Page 7 and 8: Nomenclature Abbreviation Explanati
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Page 27 and 28: • weighting procedure 2.4.5 Criti
Page 29 and 30: If so, you can skip this step. Proc
Page 31 and 32: 7. You can close this model. Proced
Page 33 and 34: Procedure 07 Creating a plan and ad
Page 35 and 36: 07.04 Searching for processes Proce
Page 37 and 38: Procedure 08 Creating a new process
Page 39 and 40: Procedure energies is avoided by th
Page 41 and 42: Procedure 09.04 Inputs and outputs
Page 43 and 44: Procedure If a number of possible m
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Page 47 and 48: Procedure The reference quantity of
Page 49 and 50: Procedure You do this to specify th
Page 51 and 52: Procedure Make sure that each of th
Page 53 and 54: Procedure 13 Using auto-connect and
Page 55 and 56: 13.04 Adding a transport process Pr
Page 57 and 58: 14 Linking processes Procedure Let
Page 59 and 60: 15 Adding a plan to a plan Procedur
Page 61 and 62: Procedure and recycling processes o
Page 63 and 64: 16 Adjusting visual appearance 16.0
Page 65 and 66: 17.02 GaBi Dashboard Procedure The
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The select object window will open.
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Procedure 104. In the ‘Name’ fi
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Procedure If you’d like, you can
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19 Working with the balance tab 19.
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Procedure sea water, agricultural s
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Procedure The balance window now di
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20 Analyzing weak points Procedure
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21 Exporting results and charts Pro
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Procedure From the dashboards, simp
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Appendix A Appendix A Description o
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The acidification potential is give
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Appendix A effects are changes in g
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Appendix A Appendix A 9 Abiotic Dep
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