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Costae correspond to septa, major costae 2 to 3 mm high and thick at the periphery of the disc, low
and thin at the centre. Costal teeth 2 to 3 mm high, pointed at the tip, larger ones bifurcated, 1 to 2 mm
thick at the base. Two almost complete rings of ridges formed by coenenchymal deposition bridge all
costae at the underside.
PW 73606 is a dead coral piece covered with calcareous algae and with three attached small and very
young Fungiae, which we put with a query to F. scruposa.
Mate rial:
Gulf of Aqaba: Basel PW 71305 (juv., Eilat, 40 m) ; 73 606 (? , juv., Fara 'un Isl.).
orther R. S.: HLM EC 515 (Ras Abu Hagar).
Di s t rib uti on : Red Sea; East Indies (v. d. HORST, 1921 ); Japan ; Great Barrier Reef.
Rem ark s: The major distinctions between the present species and F. horrida are in the highly
lacerated and irregular teeth and the better perforation at the undersurface of F. scruposa. More specimens
are to be examined to ascertain the relationship of these two forms.
Fungia
Fungia horrida DANA , 1846
(Pl ate 19, Figs. 5, 6)
1846. DANA, 298; pI. 19/7 (Type locality: Fiji).
1902. DOEDERlEIN. 122; pI. 14/ 1, lao
1906. v. MARENZELLER. 89.
1909. GARDINER. 267.
1924, MATIHAI . 44; pis. 9 /2; 10/6.
1925. BOSCHMA. 66; pI. 1214 . 6.
1979. SCHUHMACHER, 2 10.
1980, VERON & PICHON. 139; figs. 226- 230 (synonymy).
1980. HEAD. 150. 452.
field; 1909. GARDINER. 277; pis. 3313. 4; 3417.
rnadagascariensis 1906a, VAUGHAN, 831 ; pis. 72; 73 ; 74/ 3.
tKJlida 1879. KLUNZINGER 3, 62 : pI. 8/7,8 (non VE RRILL, 1864).
The present specimens are either arched or flat. One of our speci mens (S LR 1226) is an attached stage.
The adult specimens have prominent septal dentations characteristic of this species. A specimen from
USN M (Wa 43 ), which we examined , is a circular flat disc with a greater diameter of 18 cm. Axial fossa
only 3 cm long and 0.5 cm wide . It agrees to KLU ZINGER's description of F. valida (non VERRILL).
There are 3 to 4 large teeth per cm length of septum.
Material:
Gulf of Aqaba: )erus. SLR 1226 (juv., Fara'un Isl.) ; 395 - 1 (Marsa Murach).
T. Aviv NS 6160 (juv.) , 9294 (Eilat).
Northern R. S.: USNM Wa 43 (Ghardaqa).
HLM X2 : 2- 26 (?, juv., Guballsl.).
Central R. S.: P. Sud . Sa 104 (Sanganeb R.).
Dis t rib uti o n: Red Sea ; Madagascar; East Indies; Philippines; Great Barrier Reef; Fiji ; Tahiti .
Rem a rk s: The difference between F. horrida and F. valida VERRILL (type locality: Zanzibar) is
slight. According to DOEDERLEIN (J 902) KLUNZ INGER 's F. valida is only F. horrida and not conspecific
with that of VERRI LL.
The type of F. fieldi GARDINER ( 1909) in the Zoological Museum of Cambridge University is a disc·
shaped coraUum with every fourth septum broader than the intervening ones. The costal spines are swollen,
the larger ones are up to 7 mm high.
The type of F. madagascariensis VAUGHAN (1906a) is USNM 21141, a very heavy specimen, which
shows little variation from F. fieldi and F. valida.
It appears to the present authors that all the species mentioned here are skeletal variants of one and
the same species which should be called F. horrida.
12 ZooiogiCI, 133