Waste reduction final report -4 - Test Input

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Canada (with a focus on Ontario) Contributed by: Dr Mark Gorgolewski Professor, Department of Architectural Science Ryerson University, Toronto 1. Introduction Environment Canada estimates that Canada’s Construction, Renovation and Demolition (CRD) sector generates 11 million tonnes of solid waste each year (this is believed to include road and bridge building waste which constitutes a significant part of this waste). Most of this “waste” is managed as garbage and is landfilled. Estimates indicate that CRD wastes contribute approximately 20-25% of landfill by volume. Detailed information on the composition of this waste stream is patchy with a few local surveys. Some reports have assumed US percentages for waste composition. In the absence of clear and consistent characterization of CRD waste, or regulations, the tracking and reporting of CRD waste activities is not clearly assigned. Thus, generation and diversion data collection between jurisdictions and sectors are often estimates. Recent interest at the federal level in Canada has focussed on the impact of waste and landfilling on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Under the Action Plan 2000 on Climate Change studies were commissioned to assess the impact of waste reduction strategies on greenhouse gas emissions, including CRD waste (see Section 6). 1.1. Federal/Provincial/Municipal jurisdictions The Canadian Environmental Protection Act (EPA), places only the transport of hazardous waste between provincial and international borders as a federal responsibility. Typically CRD wastes are not characterized as hazardous and are not generally subject to any federal regulations. At present, the Government of Canada lists a number of statutes that compel federal government departments to utilize sustainable best practices regarding source separation and diversion of CRD wastes. However, the responsibility to manage and track CRD wastes is dealt with at the provincial and territorial level. Provincial and territorial regulations specific to managing CRD wastes vary considerably and are also not consistently enforced. Recording and verifying the generation, disposal and diversion of CRD Waste is inconsistent due to variations in requirements of each province, seasonality, climate, and urban renewal activity. The data that is collected is often difficult to compare in the absence of an established or common definition.CRD waste generation rates are also affected by inconsistent measurement practices. In some cases, waste is recorded before materials are diverted for reuse and recycling, while in others, only material which is disposed of in landfills is measured. Furthermore, CRD waste recovery definitions also vary: reuse and recycling are generally considered, but in some cases waste-to-energy as well as inert/clean fill disposal are counted as recovery. To facilitate consistent and accurate tracking and measurement of CRD wastes, a consistent and detailed definition needs to be adopted. In addition to provincial regulations, municipalities often implement regulations to manage or control CRD waste management practices at the local level including by-laws that ban the landfilling of specific CRD material (e.g. drywall). 9
2. Current national statistics Quantified data on CRD waste produced and diverted at a national level in Canada is provided by Statistics Canada through a bi-annual survey that applies to residential, business and government sectors. Defined as demolition, land clearing and construction waste, the survey’s most recent results report a 22% diversion rate nationwide (see Tables 1 and 2 below). Statistics Canada figures are based on the waste treated by the waste management industry. Any waste diversion activities that occurred without using services of the waste management industry are not included. So any wastes that are managed directly between a waste generator and a next user are not recorded. This is likely to occur most significantly in the case of large projects which have enough recyclable material to manage their wastes directly and with a potential second user directly available. An example of this is the redevelopment of Pearson Airport Terminal 1 in Toronto, where about 200,000 tonnes of concrete from the demolition was crushed on-site for reuse for new road construction 4 . This diversion activity occurred on site and was therefore never processed by the waste industry. Similarly, but on a smaller scale the many individual components extracted from renovation or demolition projects that are offered for resale at ReStores (see section 5.3 below) are also not counted. The waste generation and diversion figures miss these materials streams. Table 1: Disposal of waste — by source and by province and territory 5 Province Residential sources Non-residential sources All sources (Tonnes) 2004 2006 2004 2006 2004 2006 Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island 228,004 227,618 172,044 180,110 400,048 407,728 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Nova Scotia 179,262 169,337 220,705 232,333 399,967 401,670 New Brunswick 208,120 216,357 234,053 233,881 442,173 450,238 Quebec 3 2,209,000 2,183,788 4,245,000 4,624,653 6,454,000 6,808,440 Ontario 3,489,917 3,705,235 6,319,347 6,732,545 9,809,264 10,437,780 Manitoba 450,658 455,304 477,459 568,968 928,117 1,024,272 Saskatchewan 279,420 296,062 515,513 537,691 794,933 833,753 Alberta 943,420 973,683 2,133,890 2,846,189 3,077,311 3,819,872 British Columbia 919,323 956,968 1,848,335 1,960,113 2,767,657 2,917,080 Yukon Territory, NWT & Nunavut n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 4 RIS International Ltd. (2005). The Private Sector IC&I Waste Management System in Ontario. http://solidwastemag.com/PostedDocuments/PDFs/2005/AprMay/ICIPrivateSectorWasteStudy.pdf 5 Statistics Canada, Environment Accounts and Statistics Division, CANSIM table 153-0041. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/16f0023x/2006001/5212379-eng.htm 10
Page 1 and 2: Publication 364 W115 - Construction
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Foreword 3 Introd
Page 6 and 7: Introduction This report has been p
Page 8 and 9: • Benchmarks for waste production
Page 12 and 13: Canada 8,961,583 9,238,376 16,265,1
Page 14 and 15: Table 5: Projected tonnage of CRD w
Page 16 and 17: • conduct an audit of the waste t
Page 18 and 19: Standard that is now a requirement
Page 20 and 21: while reducing the amount of useful
Page 22 and 23: components. However, recycling of s
Page 24 and 25: 170409 170503 170504 170505 170506
Page 26 and 27: Organic waste Since the Disposal Ac
Page 28 and 29: Israel Contributed by: Gil Peled -
Page 30 and 31: includes: • Stopping the illegal
Page 32 and 33: 4. Guidance documents/ reports link
Page 34 and 35: The Plan includes: • Prevention b
Page 36 and 37: The Jaffa Slope was a landfill on t
Page 38 and 39: One of the first community gardens
Page 40 and 41: The amount of recycled and landfill
Page 42 and 43: Roles and responsibilities Manufact
Page 44 and 45: est outcome. This includes applying
Page 47 and 48: (1) Resource consumption. Upper: Be
Page 49 and 50: Norway Contributed by: Anne Sigrid
Page 51 and 52: 2. Policies, strategies and legisla
Page 53 and 54: Singapore Contributed by: Dr Edward
Page 55 and 56: Figure 2 - Composition of Demolitio
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4 - Concrete Usage Index (CU
Page 59 and 60: Figure 5: Use of Incineration Botto
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STRATEGIC THRUST 5: Setting minimum
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Table 2(a) - Framework and Point Al
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4. Guidance documents/ reports link
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GREEN PRACTICES (50%) GREEN PRACTIC
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vehicles and machinery to reduce em
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Practices methods/ machines to addr
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5. Exemplars, case studies The foll
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installation of photocell sensors a
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Figure 2: Treatment of waste collec
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• registration of buildings with
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The GDP (PPP) 22 of Switzerland is
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are chosen according to the buildin
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Asphalt 0.3 Wood 0.5 Plastics 0.5 C
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Even if other materials than the ab
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In this chapter, an overview on Swi
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engineering, the aim of the revisio
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Discussion Many legal texts and imp
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Figure 7: Annual outputs of waste m
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Table 3: Construction waste materia
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All plants in Switzerland currently
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Table 6: Sales volumes of recycling
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study mentioned before claims that
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view, avoidance of landfill fees br
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viewpoint of sustainable developmen
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The Association of Operators of Swi
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- www.bauteilnetz.ch, which is run
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Discussion Treatment of the main co
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References Internet: accessed 06/12
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43) KIWE-Ca 2009. Düngkalkprodukte
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Turkey Contributed by: Soofia Tahir
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5. Exemplars, case studies Not avai
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Figure 2 illustrates this shift tow
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Table 1: Waste Benchmark Data by Pr
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3. Policies, strategies and legisla
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Sustainable Construction Task Group
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BeAware The Technology Strategy Boa
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Percent 43% 57% 100% Table 3 Estima
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2. Total waste generated in 2000 Po
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(SOURCE: http://www.portlandonline.
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7. The Sustainable Development Poli
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of waste materials. The 2003 final
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Recycling Economic Worksheet sample
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Wood/ Green Waste Asphaltic Concret
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FY 2001 / 2002 FY 2002 / 2003 Dispo
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Discussion Contributed by: Gilli Ho
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essentially links concrete use to f
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Appendices 153
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. the surplus to be used to cover l
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Regulation on encumbrances on the s
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Standard Title (Year) (2001) constr
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Standards on use of construction bu
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CIB Mission we focus on: Constructi
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DISCLAIMER All rights reserved. No
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