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active constituents from Psoralea corylifolia and Sanguinaria canadensis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 79:57–67. Nundkumar, N., and Ojewole, J.A.O. 2002. Studies on the antiplasmodial properties of some South African medicinal plants used as antimalarial remedies in Zulu folk medicine. Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 24(7):397- 401. Nwodo, U.U., Ngene, A.A., Iroegbu, C.U., and Obiiyeke, G.C. 2010. Effects of fractionation on antibacterial activity of crude extracts of Tamarindus indica. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(42): 7108-7113. O’Neill, M.J., and Lewis, J.A. 1993. The renaissance of plant research in the pharmaceutical industry. In: Kinghorn AD, Balandrin MF (eds) Human medicinal agents from plants. ACS Symposium Series 534. American Chemical Society, Washington, USA. Pp. 48-55. Parish and Brown 2009.Mycobacterium: Genomics and Molecular Biology. ISBN: 978- 1-904455-40-0 http://www.horizonpress.com/mycobacterium (Retrieved 10 November 2010). Payne, G., Bringi, V., Prince, C., and Shuller, M. 1991. The quest for commercial production of chemicals from plant cell culture, Plant Cell and Tissue Culture in Liquid Systems, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Pp. 13-15. Phillipson, J.D. 2001. Phytochemistry and medicinal plants. Phytochemistry, 56:237- 243. Pinney, K.G., Jelinek, C., Edvardsen, K., Chaplin, D.J., and Pettit, G.R. 2005. The discovery and development of the combrestatins. In: Cragg GM , Kingston DGI , Newman DJ , eds. Anticancer Agents from Natural Products . Boca Raton. Pp. 23-46. 108
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SCREENING, ISOLATION AND PURIFICATI
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DEDICATION I dedicate this work to
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Declaration
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1.7 Microbiology and pathogenicity
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6.2.1 Preparation of 1000 ml Middle
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LIST OF FIGURES Page Fig. 1.1. The
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Fig. 3.10. Fig. 3.11. Fig. 3.12. Fi
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Fig. 3.27. Fig. 3.28. Fig. 3.29. Fi
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ABSTRACT The leaves of fifteen plan
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CHAPTER ONE 1.1 Introduction Plants
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and R. erythropolis ATCC 4277strain
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Current therapeutic applications of
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agricultural (pesticides and herbic
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Fig. 1.3. The chemical structure of
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national pharmacopoeias, published
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Snyder and Kirkland (1979) tested t
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African medicinal plants. In certai
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susceptibility is determined by the
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equal volume of sterile distilled w
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Fig. 1.6. Albizia gummifera (Lemmen
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Fig.1.9. Apodytes dimidiata (The Wo
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1.6.7. Kirkia acuminata Kirkia acum
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Fig. 1.14. (A) Maytenus udanta and
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from East Coast Fever, and people t
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1.7. Microbiology and pathogenicity
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indicates that essential oils can a
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Rhodococcus erythropolis is an aero
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1.9. Aim and objectives 1.9.1. Aim
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each of the finely ground samples a
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phytochemical analysis (section 2.4
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The sub-fractions of 90:10 and 85:1
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3.2. Phytochemical analysis of plan
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BEA EMW CEF DCM HEX ACE MET DCM HEX
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BEA EMW CEF Fig. 3.8. Chromatograms
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3.4. Minimum inhibitory concentrati
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Page 77 and 78: BEA EMW CEF HEX DCM ACE MET HEX DCM
Page 83 and 84: BEA EMW CEF Fig. 3.19. Bioautograms
Page 85 and 86: BEA EMW CEF . Fig. 3.21. Bioautogra
Page 87 and 88: Of the two solvent systems used fro
Page 89 and 90: F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
Page 91 and 92: F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F1 F2
Page 93 and 94: Fig. 3.28. TLC profile showing the
Page 95 and 96: Fig. 3.30. TLC profile of fractions
Page 97 and 98: Fig. 3.32. TLC profile of pooled su
Page 99 and 100: Fig. 3.34. 1 H NMR spectra of compo
Page 105 and 106: Fig. 3.40. 13 C NMR spectra of comp
Page 111 and 112: CHAPTER FOUR DISCUSSION Tuberculosi
Page 113 and 114: e that active compounds may be in v
Page 115 and 116: this plant. However, as can be seen
Page 117 and 118: Britton, G. 1991, Methods in Plant
Page 119 and 120: Eloff, J.N. 1999a. Which extractant
Page 121 and 122: Harborne, J.B., and Williams, C.A.
Page 123 and 124: Kemper, K.J. 1999. Longwood Herbal
Page 125: Middleton, E., Chithan, K. 1993. Th
Page 129 and 130: Van der Geize R., and Dijkhuizen, L
Page 131 and 132: CHAPTER SIX APPENDICES 6.1. Appendi
Page 133 and 134: 121 o C and 1 atm. For preparation
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