Mmushi T MSc (Microbiology).pdf
Mmushi T MSc (Microbiology).pdf
Mmushi T MSc (Microbiology).pdf
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1.3 Identification of bioactive compounds<br />
Numerous methods have been utilized to identify bioactive compounds for drug<br />
discovery. Once potential compounds have been identified these can be synthetically<br />
made or modified through synthetic chemistry, combinatorial chemistry or molecular<br />
modelling to increase potency of the initial compound (Balunas and Kinghorn, 2005).<br />
Identification of bioactive compounds involves various steps, as outlined below.<br />
1.3.1 Collection of plant materials<br />
The first step in identifying bioactive compounds is to collect sufficient amount of plant<br />
material which is used to isolate compounds from. However, collection of medicinal plants<br />
raises a number of complex environmental and social issues that must be addressed<br />
locally on a case-by-case-basis. It is acknowledged that these issues vary widely from<br />
region to region. In some countries, collection permits and other documents from<br />
government authorities and landowners must be obtained prior to collecting any plants<br />
from the wild (Woodrow and Miller, 2008).<br />
Collection practices should ensure the long-term survival of wild populations and<br />
their associated habitats. The population density of the target species at the collection<br />
site(s) should be determined and species that are rare or scarce should not be<br />
collected. To encourage the regeneration of source medicinal plant materials, a sound<br />
demographic structure of the population has to be ensured. Management plans should<br />
refer to the species and the plant parts (roots, leaves, fruits, etc.) to be collected and<br />
should specify collection levels and collection practices. It is obligatory on the<br />
government or environmental authority to ensure that plant collectors do not place the<br />
collected species at risk.<br />
Medicinal plant materials should be harvested during the optimal season or time period<br />
to ensure the production of medicinal plant materials of the best possible quality. The<br />
time of harvest depends on the plant part to be used. Detailed information concerning<br />
the appropriate timing of harvest for some known medicinal plants is often available in<br />
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