user's manual for corhyd: an internal diffuser hydraulics model - IfH
user's manual for corhyd: an internal diffuser hydraulics model - IfH
user's manual for corhyd: an internal diffuser hydraulics model - IfH
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Table 5: Sensitivity of involved parameters on head loss, total head <strong>an</strong>d homogeneity of the discharge<br />
profile.<br />
leads to … of the total head or the<br />
Increasing the … :<br />
discharge distribution resp.<br />
Total Head Homogeneity<br />
Total discharge (no slope) ↑↑ 0<br />
- “ - (with slope) ↑↑ ↓↓ or ↑↑<br />
Ambient water depth (no slope) ↑↑ 0<br />
- “ - (with slope) ↑↑ ↓ or ↑<br />
Density difference (no slope) ↑ ↑<br />
- “ - (with slope) ↑ ↓ or ↑<br />
Feeder length ↑ 0<br />
Diffuser length (const<strong>an</strong>t total length) ↓↓ ↓<br />
Diffuser pipe diameter ↓↓ ↓ or ↑<br />
Pipe roughness ↑ 0<br />
Number of risers (const<strong>an</strong>t <strong>diffuser</strong> length) ↓ 0<br />
Riser spacing (variable <strong>diffuser</strong> length) ↓↓ ↓<br />
Riser height ↑ 0<br />
Ports per riser ↓ ↓<br />
Port diameter ↓ ↓↓<br />
Flexible valves ↑↑ ↑↑<br />
↑ / ↓ = moderate in- / decrease<br />
↑↑ / ↓↓ = strong in- / decrease<br />
0 = neutral or small ch<strong>an</strong>ges<br />
In summary, the above procedure that obviously requires some <strong>an</strong>alyst intervention <strong>an</strong>d<br />
adjustment, seems to be reasonably unambiguous <strong>an</strong>d straight<strong>for</strong>ward.<br />
7 Case studies<br />
To demonstrate CorHyd capabilities the outfall from Ip<strong>an</strong>ema in Rio de J<strong>an</strong>eiro, Brazil, has<br />
been chosen as base case. The outfall design is herein compared with typical other<br />
constructional configurations as they would be applied in actual designs.<br />
Furthermore a case study of the pl<strong>an</strong>ned outfall <strong>for</strong> Buenos Aires (Argentina) is shown to<br />
<strong>an</strong>alyse <strong>diffuser</strong> <strong>hydraulics</strong> <strong>for</strong> very long <strong>diffuser</strong>s (here 3 km).<br />
Finally comparisons with conventional <strong>diffuser</strong> programs indicate the necessity of the<br />
implemented extensions of CorHyd.<br />
7.1 Ip<strong>an</strong>ema - Rio de J<strong>an</strong>eiro - Brazil<br />
The Ip<strong>an</strong>ema outfall in Rio de J<strong>an</strong>eiro, Brazil, operates since 1975 <strong>an</strong>d discharges actually<br />
about 6 m³/s (+/- 1 m³/s daily variation, from 2.1 mio. people) coarse screened domestic<br />
sewage from the southern part of the city into the coastal waters of the Atl<strong>an</strong>tic oce<strong>an</strong> (Fig.<br />
23, Carvalho, 2003). The outfall was designed <strong>for</strong> <strong>an</strong> average discharge of 8 m³/s (equivalent<br />
4.0 mio. people) with peak discharges up to 12 m³/s. The outfall is made of a 4326 m long<br />
Institut für Hydromech<strong>an</strong>ik, Universität Karlsruhe 52