user's manual for corhyd: an internal diffuser hydraulics model - IfH

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Fig. 33: Side view and cross section of a constructional design alternative for the Ipanema outfall with a diffuser pipe laid in a refilled trench and short risers. Institut für Hydromechanik, Universität Karlsruhe 61
Fig. 34: Flow characteristics for: Left: tapered diffuser covered or laid in a trench with additional short risers, right: tapered diffuser on piles without risers, both for design flow Q d = 8 m³/s. Topdown: Individual riser flow distribution along diffuser, riser flow deviation from mean, losses in port/riser configurations (line), port and jet discharge velocities and diffuser pipe velocities, port and diffuser diameter (lines) These differences especially caused by the local losses of the flow entering a riser and further additional loss formulations would not result out of existing diffuser programs (e.g. Fischer et al., 1979, implemented as code PLUMEHYD; and Wood et al., 1993, implemented as DIFF). The design and the important optimization of the riser diameters, is not possible in other programs, although influences on design parameters are huge. a ) Tunneled diffuser - long risers Nowadays tunneled outfalls are also affordable in some cases. Often long risers have to used in these circumstances (Fig. 35). To achieve a more homogeneous discharge distribution the riser diameters have to be modified: 0.35 m in the end part and 0.25 at the near-shore part of the diffuser. Fig. 36 shows the flow characteristics for a tunneled diffuser with long risers. The more homogeneous flow distribution causes that the total head compared to the previous case is even a bit smaller. Institut für Hydromechanik, Universität Karlsruhe 62
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Universität Karlsruhe Institut fü
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Acknowledgments The authors like to
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10.1 Local loss formulations: Divis
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1 Introduction CorHyd is a computer
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Fig. 1: Outfall configuration showi
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where j 0 denotes the buoyancy flux
Page 13 and 14: 2.4 Manifold processes Pipe hydraul
Page 15 and 16: Fig. 8: Local port/riser branch los
Page 17 and 18: Table 2: Local loss formulations Ty
Page 19 and 20: Gradual contraction (Idelchik 1986)
Page 21 and 22: Where H denotes the headloss, V duc
Page 23 and 24: Table 3: Equivalent sand roughness
Page 25 and 26: Institut für Hydromechanik, Univer
Page 27 and 28: For a constant sea water level and
Page 29 and 30: (16) solved for r in (15) and assum
Page 31 and 32: 3.1.4 Automatic implementation of l
Page 33 and 34: elevation difference between diffus
Page 35 and 36: The iteration stops if the differen
Page 37 and 38: Table 4: CorHyd subroutines and the
Page 39 and 40: 4 Data Input Input can either be do
Page 41 and 42: (ρ 0,max > ρ 0 ). Further sensiti
Page 43 and 44: should allow for riser velocities,
Page 45 and 46: Fig. 19: First input sub-window for
Page 47 and 48: 10 7050.000 0.000 -2.500 11 7000.00
Page 49 and 50: Fig. 22: Graphical output: Energy a
Page 51 and 52: given dilution requirements and maj
Page 53 and 54: 6.3 Off design conditions It was co
Page 55 and 56: Table 5: Sensitivity of involved pa
Page 57 and 58: Fig. 24: Side view and cross sectio
Page 59 and 60: Fig. 27: Flow characteristics for d
Page 61 and 62: under different flow conditions. Th
Page 63: Fig. 32: Side view and cross sectio
Page 67 and 68: Fig. 36: Flow characteristics for:
Page 69 and 70: Fig. 38: Flow characteristics for:
Page 71 and 72: Table 6: Comparison of construction
Page 73 and 74: seaward end, which can be prevented
Page 75 and 76: Especially for this long diffuser a
Page 77 and 78: Jirka, G.H., Doneker, R.L. and Hint
Page 79 and 80: 10 Annex 10.1 Local loss formulatio
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