The trafficking of children for purposes of sexual exploitation

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5.4 Punishment and resistance 59 5.5 Committing murder 60 5.6 The role of alcohol in ensuring compliance 61 5.7 Sex exploiters 61 5.8 Working 61 5.9 The end of the work day 62 5.10 Police collusion 62 5.11 Family relationships and how it operates for the girls/family collusion 62 5.12 Relationships with boys 63 5.13 The escape 63 5.14 Life after escape 64 6. Strategies for survival 65 7. In summary 65 Chapter 7: Trafficking of children for purposes of sexual exploitation and the law: A review of current and proposed legislation and selected international human rights instruments 67 1. Introduction 67 2. International Legal Instruments 67 2.1 United Nations Conventions 67 2.2 Other UN Conventions which places obligations on South Africa 73 2.3 International Labour Organisation (ILO) Instruments 73 3. Continental (regional) Charters 75 4. The South African Legal Framework 76 4.1 Introduction 76 4.2 The Constitution of South Africa (1996) 77 4.3 South African Legislation 77 Chapter 8: Recommendations 91 1. Introduction 91 2. Recommendations 91 2.1 The development of a law that will prohibit the trafficking of persons for any exploitative purpose 91 2.2 To increase detection and prosecution 92 2.3 With regard to restorative justice for victims 92 2.4 Where victims of trafficking are defendants in criminal proceedings 92 2.5 Combating and monitoring the trafficking of and sexual exploitation of children 92 2.6 With regard to sex exploiters/ sex offenders 92 References 95 Appendices Appendix 1: Transcripts of interviews 98 Appendix 2: The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 104 Appendix 3: African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 106 Appendix 4: Stockholm Declaration and Agenda for Action 108 vii
List of boxes, tables and maps Boxes Box 1: Glossary of terms 12 Box 2: Section 28, Bill of Rights, Constitution of South Africa (1996) 31 Box 3: Section 14 (4) (a) (iii) The Child Care Act (1983 as amended 36 1999) 2000) Box 4: Article 39 – The UN CRC (1979) 40 Box 5: Article 34 – The UN CRC (1979) 40 Box 6: Article II – The UN CRC (1979) 42 Box 7: Article 29 - African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (1990) 44 Box 8: Article 37(a) – The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1979) 58 Box 9: Chapter 4 9 (1) (c) Prevention of Organised Crime Act 1998 (as amended 1999) 59 Tables Table 1: Sectors of the South African sex industry 27 Table 2: SAPS statistics for arrests for prostitution 1996-1999 28 Table 3: School dropout rates by gender 29 Table 4: Male gang members – Relationships and reported offences committed against the girls 52 Table 5: Profile of abducted girls 56 Table 6: Girls in the gang interviewed 65 Maps Map 1: Interprovincial trafficking 37 Map 2: Some indications of local trafficking in Gauteng 38 Map 3: Cross-border trafficking of children 45 Map 4: Trafficking of children from Africa via South Africa to Southeast Asia 46 Map 5: Some indication of the local trafficking of girl children in the Cape Peninsula 56 viii
Page 2 and 3: The Trafficking of Children for Pur
Page 4 and 5: Acknowledgments This report was res
Page 6 and 7: Contents Page About Molo Songololo
Page 10 and 11: Executive summary This research rep
Page 12 and 13: Moçambique and Angola involves bot
Page 14 and 15: Children. The Norwegian Justice Min
Page 16 and 17: Chapter 1 Motivations of the resear
Page 18 and 19: 2. Ensure a reduction in the incide
Page 20 and 21: Box 1: Glossary of terms Trafficker
Page 22 and 23: 3. Terminology The terms, "the chil
Page 24 and 25: 4. Design and Method 4.1. Aims and
Page 26 and 27: m) A review of the following releva
Page 28 and 29: to emphasise the immediate need for
Page 30 and 31: countries to ensure that measures a
Page 32 and 33: Actors/dancers/singers wanted. Expe
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 4 Factors and trends with r
Page 36 and 37: Mpumalanga 7 3 18 12 North West Pro
Page 38 and 39: According to a sex worker the effec
Page 40 and 41: Here individual traits and problems
Page 42 and 43: • Men from the Northern Suburbs o
Page 44 and 45: Alleged police involvement and corr
Page 46 and 47: Map 2: Some indications of local tr
Page 48 and 49: • An increase in unemployment •
Page 50 and 51: Johannesburg. Needless to say, once
Page 52 and 53: Map 3: Cross-border trafficking of
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 6 The role of gangs in the
Page 56 and 57: gangs in their own right. 135 These
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Little is known about the gang lead
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• All had been physically and sex
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Original transcripts of selected te
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Abduction 3: Alicia's story Origina
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Any act seen as resistance or a cha
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Referred to as " besagheid" or "wer
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Lucia gets away: as told by Jenny T
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Table 6: Girls in the gang intervie
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During the course of the twentieth
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States Parties undertake to protect
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Article 3 states that: State Partie
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Article 7 places an obligation on s
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constitutive elements related to of
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the appropriate authorities, like t
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whoa) permits, procures or attempts
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foreign nationals to come to this c
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This Act provides for a broad defin
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• Films and Publication Act, No 6
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2) The Children's Court may order t
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espect to restorative justice this
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process to manage the problem in So
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Legal Instruments South African Leg
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"Zunaid". Ek het, was die enigste e
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Ons gee vir hulle pak. - Belinda 5.
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man sê toe nou vir my ek moet eers
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For these purposes, State Parties s
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States Parties to the present Chart
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9. The commercial sexual exploitati
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esponsible sexual attitudes and beh
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The trafficking of children for purposes of sexual exploitation

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