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Appendix A – Glossary
Motivational interviewing – a direct, client-centered counseling style implemented to elicit
behavior change by helping clients resolve their ambivalence to change.
Multiaxial diagnostic criteria – the system used by the DSM-IV-TR that evaluates the acute,
longstanding medical conditions as well as stressors and level of functioning (current and past).
Multidisciplinary approach – a planned and coordinated program of care involving two or
more health professions for the purpose of improving health care as a result of their joint
contributions.
Multidisciplinary assessment approach – an organized process by which professionals of
different specialties collaborate to assess the needs of the client.
Mutual help – a process present in many self-help groups by which the members of such
groups rely on and receive support from other members who share the same condition.
Outcome monitoring – collection and analysis of data during and following alcohol and drug
treatment to determine the effects of treatment, especially in relation to improvements in client
functioning.
Outcome statement – an agreement between the client and the counselor that identifies the
desired results of treatment.
Outreach strategies – approaches that actively seek out persons in a community who have
substance use disorders and engage them in substance abuse treatment.
Patient – see “Client.”
Peer counselor – individuals in recovery from substance use disorders who have been trained
to work in substance abuse treatment settings.
Practice dimensions – the eight essential areas of practice that addiction counselors must
master to effectively provide treatment activities identified in The Competencies.
Prevalence – the percentage of people in the population that has a specific disorder.
Prevention – the theory and means for reducing the harmful effects of drug use in specific
populations. Prevention objectives are to protect individuals before they manifest signs or
symptoms of substance use problems, identify persons in the early stages of substance abuse
and intervene, and end compulsive use of psychoactive substances through treatment.
Problem statement – a statement that describes a client’s current condition in behavioral terms.
Process – the way in which a client, counselor, or group engages or interacts.
Professionalism – a demonstration of knowledge, skills, and attitudes consistently applied
when working with people who use substances and abiding by a code of ethics most commonly
held by addiction professionals.
Projective identification – the process by which a person places internal negative feelings or
concepts about oneself onto others.
Protective factors – conditions that promote bonding to prosocial values and institutions and
can serve to buffer the negative effects of risks.
Psychoactive substance – a pharmacological agent that can change mood, behavior, and
cognition process.
Rapport – the degree to which trust and openness are present in the relationship between
counselor and client; an essential element of the therapeutic relationship.
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