Neil D. Burgess, Paul Harrison, Peter Sumbi, James Laizer, Adam ...

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SPATIAL PLANNING BASELINE: TANZANIA’S COASTAL FORESTS 2011 Within the coastal forests of Tanzania, only a few of the existing reserves have a protected area category assigned. This is elaborated further below. 3.3 Forest Protection under the Convention of Biological Diversity The UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) considers protected areas as cornerstones for biodiversity conservation and as critical tools for reducing the current rate of loss of species and habitats. The CBD Cop10 meeting in Japan in 2010 defined a new set of targets for the period 2010- 2020, to be achieved by all nations who are parties to the CBD. Specific targets include those to halve deforestation and reduce degradation and fragmentation (Target 5), manage all forests sustainably (Target 7), effectively conserve at least 17% of all terrestrial areas (Target 11), and restore at least 15% of degraded ecosystems to enhance both biodiversity and carbon (Target 15). A recent analysis by the United Nations Environment Programme – World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) shows that the Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane Coastal Mosaic ecoregion (Kenya and Tanzanian Coastal Forests) has 4.3 % of the remaining forest habitat protected within IUCN I-IV coded protected areas. This is below the 10% target, and well below the 17% target, and was one of the reasons for additional GEF investment in the area. 3.4 Protected Area Gaps Gap analysis is a tool promoted by the CBD (Dudley and Parrish 2006) to assess the degree to which protected area networks are representative of different attributes of biodiversity. Past gap analyses undertaken by conservation NGOs and academic institutions have indicated the lack of protected area coverage of the Coastal Forest Habitats; with regard to habitats (Hoekstra et al. 2005), global species diversity (Rodrigues et al. 2004b), conservation priority areas (Rodrigues et al. 2004a), African birds (De Klerk et al. 2004), African mammals (Fjeldså et al. 2004) and African plants (<strong>Burgess</strong> et al. 2005). The situation remains the same today even though these analyses are almost 10 years old now. Indeed, a recent gap analysis of Important Bird Areas in Tanzania (Sritharan and <strong>Burgess</strong> 2011) shows the gaps in bird protection that remain in 2009, including a number in the coastal forests. Gaps in protection for other species groups, for example plants, will be more than for birds.
SPATIAL PLANNING BASELINE: TANZANIA’S COASTAL FORESTS 2011 Figure 6: Distribution of Important Bird Areas Distribution of Important Bird Areas (IBAs) and conservation priorities of 27 unprotected IBAs in Tanzania in 2009: 1, Dar es Salaam Coast; 2, Eluanata Dam; 3, Kagera Swamps; 4, Lake Burungi; 5, Lake Eyasi; 6, Lake Kitangire; 7, Lake Manyara National Park; 8, Lake Natron and Engaruka Basin; 9, Lake Rukwa; 10, Lake Tlawi; 11, Lake Victoria: Bumbire Islands; 12, Lake Victoria: Bunda Bay; 13, Lake Mara Bay and Masirori Swamp; 14, Lake Victoria: Mwanza Gulf; 15, Latham Island; 16, Longido Game Controlled Area; 17, Mtera Reservoir; 18, Mtwara District Coastal Forest; 19, Nyumba va Mungu Reservoir; 20, Pemba Island; 21, Rufiji Delta; 22, Rufiji District Coastal Forests; 23, Singida Lakes; 24, Usangu Flats; 25, Uvidunda Mountains; 26, Wembere Steppe; 27, Zanzibar Island: East Coast. 3.5 The Current Reserve Network for the Coastal Forests 3.5.1 Reserves that are internationally recognised as protected areas Tanzania (mainland and Zanzibar) has a number of reserves that have been coded as protected areas according to the IUCN protected area criteria and categories (see above). Those within the coastal regions are briefly described below, with the majority of the data coming from the World Database on Protected Areas (www.unep-wcmc.org/wdpa).
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FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY: TANZANIA
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE: TANZANIA
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REFERENCES: TANZANIA’S COASTAL FO
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ANNEXES: TANZANIA’S COASTAL FORES
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Neil D. Burgess, Paul Harrison, Peter Sumbi, James Laizer, Adam ...

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