Neil D. Burgess, Paul Harrison, Peter Sumbi, James Laizer, Adam ...

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REFERENCES: TANZANIA’S COASTAL FORESTS 2011 6 Conclusions In this report we bring together all available information on the Coastal Forests of Tanzania. This includes data on biodiversity, protected areas location, protected areas management effectiveness, protected areas financing, socio-economic conditions in the broader landscape, carbon values in the broader landscape and the administrative and legal settings within which these forests are sitting. The main conclusions we derive from this work are as follows: 6.1 Biodiversity Issues The coastal forests are of global importance for the conservation of rare, endemic and threatened species of plants and animals. New field work shows that there are still areas of forest that are not well known, but which have high biological importance. In this project we can see that all intervention areas have significant biological importance and are in need of conservation. There is also a pressure on some of the species, particularly the larger mammals as they are intensively hunted for bushmeat for local consumption and there is also evidence of poaching of elephants for Ivory, including observations made during the field work in September 2011. The coastal forest habitat has shrunk dramatically over the past centuries and this shrinkage continues. Rates of forest loss seem to have slowed in recent years, but forest degradation in the form of charcoal burning of the forest biomass, and the logging of valuable timber and building poles, continues. All of these pose threats to dissappearance of some of biodiversity values. Charcoal burning is focused around Dar es Salam and logging is focused in the southern areas of the forests. 6.2 Spatial Planning Issues The protected area network in the coastal forests is mainly in the form of Forest Reserves that are owned by the central government, but managed by the local authority. Official records for these reserves are poorly mnaged and scattered, and in many cases there is confusion on whether certain reserves exist, or do not exist. This situation makes the production of a reliable list and set of data on the current protected area network problematic. Despite this, there are clearly gaps in the protection of key forest areas, particularly in Kilwa District, but actually in all areas of the coast on the mainland and on Zanzibar. Closing these protected area gaps is a major focus on this GEF project, using a combination of approaches ranging from Village Land Forest Reserves, Local Area Forest Reserves, and upgrading selected reserves to the status of Nature Reserve. Significant areas of forested land are being put under conservation management and sustainable use in this way. 6.3 Management Issues The effectiveness of management of the government forest reserve network is weak in the coastal areas of mainland and somewhat better on Zanzibar. The best managed reserves according to the data collected are the Village Land Forest Reserves and the Sadaani National Park. All other reserve categories are very weakly managed. Most are used as a source of revenue for the District Councils and there are very significant levels of illegal logging, charcoal burning and pole harvesting in most reserves. 6.4 Financial Sustainability The financial sustainability of the reserves in this area is also very weak. Most of the districts have very little to zero funding available for operational management, and apart from salaries there is not 80
REFERENCES: TANZANIA’S COASTAL FORESTS 2011 much funding available to support forest conservation. This is at odds with the situation that natural resources, logging in particular, are a major source of income for some of the coastal forest districts – particularly Rufiji. Apart from legal logging that is recorded, there is far larger illegal logging going on, with movement of timber through various means to Dar es Salaam and for export to the Far East, especially China. In addition to the export of valuable timber, there is also an extensive and illegal trade in charcoal being produced in the coastal forest reserves, bushmeat hunting and ivory poaching. So there is significant value contained within the forests, which is being realised by several actors, but this does not translate into funding to ensure sustainable forest management. 6.5 Socio-economic Issues In some of the Village Land Forest Reserves there are efforts being made to set up sustainable and certified logging of high value timber, especially Dalbergia melanoxylon. These schemes are aiming to enhance the ability of villagers to gain benefit from the forests in terms of financial benefits from logging, while at the same time sustaining the timber stock and preventing illegal harvesting by outsiders. This project aims to work with the villages and the relevant project and authorities to expand the coverage of the forest that is under these schemes and make further FSC certified timber available on the market. Other options for improving the sustainable financing of the reserve network include forest carbon projects, small scale ecotourism projects, and beekeeping and income generating activities linked to the forest. But none of these seem able to deliver rapid livelihood improvements for local people, or significant income to government, and hence have been downplayed as intervention strategies by the project. Instead the main effort will be put into Village Land Forest Reserves. 81
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INTRODUCTION: TANZANIA’S COASTAL
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BIODIVERSITY BASELINE: TANZANIA’S
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Genus Species Synonyms Red List sta
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East Usambara Kilulu Hills Amboni C
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SPATIAL PLANNING BASELINE: TANZANIA
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Neil D. Burgess, Paul Harrison, Peter Sumbi, James Laizer, Adam ...

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