Neil D. Burgess, Paul Harrison, Peter Sumbi, James Laizer, Adam ...

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MANAGEMENT ISSUES: TANZANIA’S COASTAL FORESTS 2011 The National Protected Areas Board (NPA Board) has been established as a consultative authority to provide policy guidance in the designation, management and coordination of protected areas system in Zanzibar. The Board draws members from various disciplines, including environment, forestry, fisheries, local government, finance, women groups, tourism and trade as well as a number of prominent Zanzibar scientists. In undertaking its duties, the newly constituted Board is seriously constrained by the lack of appropriate expertise, facilities and equipment within Zanzibar. The Board itself has inadequate experience, and few linkages with other regional and international networks. This board is now being reactivated through the support of the ongoing GEF coastal forests project for Tanzania 4.2.2 Mainland Tanzania On mainland Tanzania the Tanzanian National Environmental Action Plan (United Republic of Tanzania 1994) identified six major environmental problems: land degradation; lack of accessible, good quality water for both urban and rural inhabitants; pollution; loss of wildlife habitats; deterioration of marine and freshwater systems; and deforestation. The National Environment Policy (1997), as an umbrella instrument, defines in broad terms the sectoral obligations and requirements for biodiversity conservation. This policy aims “to achieve sustainable development that maximizes the long-term welfare of both present and future generations of Tanzanians”. In response to environmental problems, Tanzania has made considerable progress in achieving sustainable environmental management through putting in place Environmental Management Act No. 20 of 2004 (EMA 2004) and the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP 2005) in which environmental issues have been mainstreamed. In addition, the National Environmental Action Plan 2006 (NEAP), Local Government Reforms Programme, National Development Vision 2025 and sector specific policies, legislations, programmes and strategies do all reflect important environmental management issues. The government of Tanzania, being a signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Convention since 1992, developed a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) in 2001 as an obligation to the country as Contracting Party. The NBSAP is guided by the overall vision which is to build a society that values all the biodiversity richness using it sustainably and equitably while taking the responsibility for actions that meet both the competing requirements of the present and the legitimate claims of the future generations The Government of Tanzania is also committed to related conventions such as Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) for the conservation and sustainable utilization of biological diversity. The Forest Policy of Tanzania (1998) establishes a framework for the conservation of biological diversity through participatory forest management, decentralization and privatization and recognizes the roles of local communities and the private sector in managing forest resources. Implementation of the Forest Policy is through the National Forest Act (2002) and the National Forest Programme of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (2001). The National Forest Programme was launched in 2001 and aims to reduce poverty through increasing employment in forest based industries by 25% by 2010 and increasing the income generated from forest resources and services that is retained by local communities by 20% by 2010. The Tanzania Forest Conservation and Management Programme (TFCMP) have been financing implementation of the National Forest Programme and the institutional strengthening of national forestry sector agencies and
MANAGEMENT ISSUES: TANZANIA’S COASTAL FORESTS 2011 institutions. Implementation is being carried out through partnerships involving local government, communities, civil society and the private sector. In line with the Forest Policy, the Forest Act and the Village Land Act (1999), the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism issued Guidelines for Community-Based Forest Management in 2001 to provide practical guidance to staff and district and village authorities for implementation. The Guidelines make clear that the target population for community-based forest management is the local population living adjacent to, or within, the forests. The establishment of joint management committees (village and subvillage level) and joint management agreements are promoted. A Participatory Forest Management approach allows villages to collaborate in managing forest resources. It is assumed that if local communities are granted appropriate user rights and security of tenure as incentives for sustainable forest management, they are likely to participate actively and effectively in the conservation and management of their forest resources. There are a number of challenges to this and the impact of the PFM approach has been less than hoped, although communitybased forest management where the communities take full resposibilty seems to have been more successful than ‘joint forest management’ where the communities and forest authorities work together to make a designated government reserve. Table 16: Summary of sector ministries with policies and Legal Acts supporting Coastal Forests Ministry/department Policies Legal Acts Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism with: a. Forestry and Beekeeping Division National Forest Policy (1998) Forest Act No. 14 of 2002 b. Beekeeping Division National Beekeeping Policy (1998) The Beekeeping Act No.15 of 2002. The Wildlife Conservation Act, 1974 c. Wildlife Division National Wildlife Policy (2007) d. Tourism Division National Tourism Policy (1999) Wildlife Conservation (Wildlife Management Areas) Regulations 2002. Guidelines for Coastal Tourism Development in Tanzania 2003 e. Fishery Division National Fisheries Sector Policy and Strategy Statements (1997) Fisheries Act No/ 22 of 2003 Land Act No. 4 of 1999 Ministry of Lands and Settlement National Land Policy (1997) Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999 The Land Dispute Courts Act No. 2 of 2002. Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperation Agriculture and Livestock Policy (1997) Veterinary Act 2003 and Animal Diseases Act 2003. Ministry of Water and Irrigation National Water Policy. (2002) Ministry of Energy and Minerals National Energy Policy (2003) National Mineral Policy (1997) Ministry of Community Development, Women and Gender Development The Community Service Act No. 6 of
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KILWA LINDI MATUMBI ZANZIBAR ENDEMI
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ANNEXES: TANZANIA’S COASTAL FORES
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