Neil D. Burgess, Paul Harrison, Peter Sumbi, James Laizer, Adam ...

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MANAGEMENT ISSUES: TANZANIA’S COASTAL FORESTS 2011 Coastal Forest patches and thicket vegetation during the dry season. At this time it can be irreversibly destructive to the vegetation that is not adapted to be being burnt. Over time and with frequent and intense burning it is believed that lowland Coastal Forest and thicket vegetation is converted to more fire-adapted vegetation types similar to the Zambesian Miombo woodlands (dominated by Brachystegia and Julbernadia species). This results in a loss of the narrowly endemic Coastal Forest specialist species and their replacement by wide-ranging species typical of Miombo. The probability of burning in the coastal districts of Tanzania is moderate, but not as high as further inland (Figure 21). Fire frequency is linked to human population increase and the opening of new farmlands, as well as the incidence of dry years (e.g. 2003). There are almost no fires on the densely populated areas of the coast, nor on the offshore islands (Figure 21). Figure 21: Annual burning probability in the coastal area of Tanzania, 2001-2009. Data derived from MODIS fire points database, University of Maryland (map by Dr Marion Pfeifer, University of York)
MANAGEMENT ISSUES: TANZANIA’S COASTAL FORESTS 2011 4.4.5 Pole harvesting and firewood collection Pole harvesting is widespread in the coastal forests, especially in rural areas where they are used in the construction of houses. The same is true for firewood harvesting, which is primarily conducted in the rural areas and forms a major extraction in these areas. The levels of forest damage that are caused by pole cutting or firewood harvesting are much less severe than for charcoal or timber harvesting, but in areas close to rural villages they can form a significant forest use. 4.4.6 Climate change Predictions for climate change in eastern Tanzania suggest only moderate changes, with temperatures rising slightly and rainfall patterns tending towards an overall increase, but with potentially more severe dry seasons and longer ‘short rains’ periods. The sea level may rise to some degree. Overall the impact of the various climate change predictions on the eastern African Coastal Forests are unknown, but available prediction suggest that they may be less dramatic than elsewhere in Africa (Case 2007), although locally devastating in the case of rainstorms and associated flooding. 4.4.7 Lack of prioritisation The Coastal Forest habitat type is not recognized as a priority for investment by the national government, or the Districts along the coast. Typically these reserves are seen as a source of timber, charcoal and other materials to supply increasing urban centres, or for export. This use is compromising the globally significant biodiversity values, which are mainly found in the Forest Reserves being managed by District authorities. 4.5 Coastal Forest Area Systems of Management In this section, coastal forest management and current financial status in the selected coastal districts of the main land (Rufiji, Kilwa and Lindi) as well as Unguja and Pemba are discussed. Issues discussed include the coastal forest management systems; financing forest in the coastal districts and the financial status; available finances for forest management activities in the coastal districts; financial commitment for forest activities in the respective selected areas; actual annual central government budget allocated to coastal districts for forest management activities as well as NGOs and other donors’ support to forestry activities in the selected coastal districts of Tanzania. In coastal districts, types of forests where central government, local government and NGOs are putting more efforts in ensuring their management and sustainability were divided into different categories, including (i) the central government managed forest; (ii) district council managed forests; (iii) village forest reserves (iv) forests on public/general land and (v) privately owned forests. Sizes of the respective forests based on the ownership as identified by the consulted district forest officers are given in Table 21. Table 21: Total Hectares Based on the Type of the Forest Ownership in Tanzania Type of Forest Based on the Ownership Total forest in ha in Coastal Districts Rufiji Kilwa Lindi Unguja Pemba Central government managed forest 125,346 201,900 45,828 21,557 20,080 Forest on Public lands Ni 450,000 470,000 38,328 8000
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SYNTHESIS OF BASELINE INFORMATION O
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INTRODUCTION: TANZANIA’S COASTAL
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BIODIVERSITY BASELINE: TANZANIA’S
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Genus Species Synonyms Red List sta
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East Usambara Kilulu Hills Amboni C
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KILWA LINDI MATUMBI ZANZIBAR Notes
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KILWA LINDI MATUMBI ZANZIBAR Notes
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KILWA LINDI MATUMBI ZANZIBAR Red Li
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KILWA LINDI MATUMBI ZANZIBAR Red Li
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KILWA LINDI MATUMBI ZANZIBAR ENDEMI
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ANNEXES: TANZANIA’S COASTAL FORES
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Neil D. Burgess, Paul Harrison, Peter Sumbi, James Laizer, Adam ...

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