Where is R2P grounded in international law? Anne-Marie Judson A ...

war. 241 They must be provided with an identity card showing that they are a prisoner
of war and they must be removed from the war zone to an area that is not considered
dangerous to health or safety. They must be sheltered from bombing to the same
extent that is provided to civilians in the same area. Other provisions that must be
maintained are the right to clean water, food and clean surfaces as well as warmth for
sleeping. Sufficient lighting must be made available during the day and special
consideration must be given to them regarding food and other special needs. Medical
care must be provided for dentistry, artificial appliances such as spectacles as well as
surgery. 242 Religious ceremonies shall be provided for each distinctive religion. 243
Labour must not exceed the same conditions as local labour laws. These occupations
must not be unhealthy or dangerous such as the removal of mines or other similar
labour. Prisoners must be paid a minimum wage for their labour, receive an hour
lunch break and the fitness of each prisoner must be examined on a monthly basis. 244
The families of prisoners must be contacted immediately when the individual becomes
a prisoner of war and information of (sic) whereabouts and his state of health must be
given freely. The prisoner must be allowed to send and receive letters to loved ones
and if he becomes seriously sick he must be sent back to his own country
immediately. 245 This includes those with serious wounds, mental or physical sickness,
and those who are unlikely to recover. 246 Access must be given to representatives of
the prisoners or delegates of war, and this must not be limited to time, place, duration
or frequency.
The responsibilities of the state are to ensure that this convention is widely
interpreted, and included in the study of military programmes and civil instruction so
that the principles become widely known to their armed forces and the entire
population. 247 Grave breaches are breaches committed against any person or
property protected by this convention, including willful killing, torture, inhuman
treatment, including biological experiments, causing great suffering or serious injury
241 See articles 1, page 1, article 3 (1), 3 (2), page 2 article 18, paragraph 3, page 5, article 19,
article 22, 23 pages 5 and 6
242 Articles 29 to 32, pages 7, 8 chapter iii
243 Articles 33 to 38 pages 9 to 10
244 Articles 51 to 57 pages 11 to 13
245 See pages 31 to 33 for a full breakdown of serious wounds and sickness
246 See articles 109 and 110, part iv, page 24
247 See part vi, section 1, article 126, page 29 and article 127
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