Where is R2P grounded in international law? Anne-Marie Judson A ...

No propaganda or pressure is allowed aimed at securing voluntary forces. Work is not
permitted for children under the age of 18 years of age and under no circumstance
may protected persons be transferred to a county where they may have reason to fear
persecution for their political opinions or religious beliefs. 257 Individual or mass
forcible transfers or deportations are not permitted regardless of the party motive. The
party may make partial or total evacuation of an area if the security of the population
is being undermined. Persons removed will be returned as soon as conditions permit.
When undertaking evacuation the party must ensure proper accommodation and
conditions necessary for good health and safety and nutrition of the people. Families
must not be separated at any time and the party must not deport or transfer parts of
their own population into any territory that they occupy. 258
Private property, personal property belonging to individuals, collective units, the state,
public authorities, and social or co-operative organisations are protected from
destruction unless such destruction is rendered absolutely necessary for military
operations. If the whole of an occupied territory or part of its population is
inadequately supplied, the occupying power must agree to relief schemes on behalf of
all the population in question. It must facilitate these schemes by any means at their
disposal. These minimum necessities must be free from tax, charges or customs,
including all consignments that are protected under this Convention as supplying the
population with the bare necessities for survival. The occupying power must
guarantee free passage and their protection and has the right to search the
consignments and regulate the passage according to prescribed times and routes. 259
The representatives of religious organizations, relief societies or any other
organization that is assisting protected persons, must be able to distribute relief
supplies and material from any source, intended for educational, recreational or
religious purposes. They may only be hindered to the extent that it does not affect the
supply of effective and adequate relief to all protected persons. 260 Representatives are
allowed access including to detention, internment or work places. Access must not be
257 Articles 44 and 45 para 3, page 10
258 Articles 48 and 49, paras 1 to 6, page 11
259 See articles, 51, 52, 53 and 59 pages 12 to 13
260 Article 142, part iv, section i, page 32
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