4.1 Aspendos, Jerash and Syracuse These three theatres differ in shape and size as well as in cavea slope. In the Roman time, the Aspendos and Syracuse theatres had a colonnade behind the last rows of the cavea and the Aspendos theatre had a Velum (sunscreen over the audience area) made of sail. In table 1 are shown the acoustical parameters for the three theatres in their different configurations and the cavea diameter to get an idea of the size of each theatre. Table 1. Calculated parameters in different configurations of the theatres (empty and fully occupied) and their cavea diameter. The parameter values are averaged over all source-receiver positions and over mid-frequencies 500-1000 Hz in 1/1-octave bands T30 (s) G (dB) C80 (dB) STI Cavea Diameter Empty Full Empty Full Empty Full Empty Full (m) Aspendos Roman 1,95 1,59 -2,34 -4,36 1,17 4,08 0,53 0,61 95,5 Apendos Present 1,89 1,53 -4,37 -6,09 2,68 6,53 0,60 0,70 95,5 Aspendos Present (Stage) 1,77 1,43 -4,49 -6,05 4,42 8,27 0,63 0,71 95,5 Jerash Roman 1,54 1,06 -0,72 -3,05 3,46 6,88 0,62 0,70 87,8 Jerash Present 1,21 0,86 -1,18 -3,29 5,98 9,85 0,67 0,75 87,8 Syracuse Roman 1,81 1,67 -6,69 -8,24 4,07 8,25 0,62 0,70 138,6 Syracuse Present 1,25 0,97 -10,60 -11,61 12,88 18,12 0,88 0,93 138,6 The table shows that the difference in reverberation time between empty and full is about 0,3 - 0,4 s generally in all theatres, Jerash having a slightly bigger difference. The reverberation time when full seems to be more adequate in the roman reconstructions than in the present models. The overall strength is the highest in Jerash and lowest in Syracuse, partly due to the different slopes and their great difference in cavea diameter. The clarity is exceptionally high in all the theatres despite the levels of reverberation, and this is due to the lack of roof that make the field more like free field than a diffuse field. As a consequence of this, the STI values are also remarkably high in theory if we neglect the background noise from outside the theatres. 4
4.2 Reverberation Time T 30 vs. Frequency 2,50 Aspendos Theatre: T 30 vs. Frequency 2,00 T30(s) 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Frequency (Hz) Aspendos Roman Empty Aspendos Roman Full Aspendos Present Empty Aspendos Present Full Aspendos Present Stage Empty Aspendos Present Stage Full Figure 3. Calculated reverberation time T30 as a function of frequency in different configurations of Aspendos Theatre. The parameter values are averaged over all source-receiver positions. We see in Fig. 3 that for the Aspendos theatre in present state, the modern stage provides a decrease of reverberation time at mid-frequencies, and in the case of the Roman reconstruction (with added velum and stage canopy) there is only minor difference in reverberation. From Table 1 it is seen that in Jerash theatre the reconstruction of mainly the frons scaenea results in an increase of the reverberation time of around 0,3 s. It is also seen that the Syracuse theatre in the Roman era had around 0,6 s longer reverberation than in the present stage. This is mainly due to the frons scaenae but also the colonnade provided some reverberation. 5
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