ERATO Proceedings Istanbul 2006.pdf - Odeon

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difference between seats near and far from the stage is reduced with the introduction of these geometries. In the case of the odea the simulations show that these highly reflective rooms (marble surfaces), have similar acoustical properties to modern concert halls when the windows are closed, even though the only absorption is provided by the audience. In order to answer the question addressed in the main title in a more intuitive way, auralized sound examples of the theatres can be heard at the ERATO website [4] as well as the refered papers can be found. 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The ERATO project (Contract Number ICA3-CT-2002-10031), is financed by the European Commission under the Fifth Framework INCO – MED Program. References [1] The F. Canac, ‘L’acoustique des theatres antiques. Ses enseignements’, Editions du centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, 1967 [2] M. Lisa, J.H. Rindel, C.L. Christensen, ‘Predicting the acoustics of ancient open-air theatres: the importance of calculation methods and geometrical details’. Proc. Joint Baltic-Nordic Acoustics Meeting 2004, Mariehamn, Finland [3] A.C. Gade, M. Lisa, C.L. Christensen, J.H. Rindel, ‘Roman Theatre Acoustics: Comparison of acoustic measurement and simulation results from the Aspendos Theatre, Turkey’. Proc. ICA 2004, Kyoto, Japan [4] ERATO website: http://www.at.oersted.dtu.dk/~erato/index.htm [5] Vitruvius, ‘Ten books on architecture’, Dover Publications Inc., New York, 1960 [6] G.C. Izenour, ‘Roofed Theatres of Classical Antiquity’, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1992 26
ACOUSTICAL MEASUREMENTS IN ANCIENT ROMAN THEATRES Andrea Farnetani, Nicola Prodi, Roberto Pompoli Engineering Department, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy, afarnetani@ing.unife.it The Greek and Roman theatres are among the most precious and spectacular items of cultural heritage in the Mediterranean countries. The theatres are famous not only for their impressive architecture, but also for the acoustic qualities. For this reasons it is important to consider these theatres like an acoustical heritage and to study their sound field. Within the activities of the ERATO (identification Evaluation and Revival of the Acoustical heritage of ancient Theatres and Odea) project, acoustical measurements were taken in well preserved ancient Roman theatres at Aspendos (Turkey) and Jerash (Jordan). Roman theatres have an impressive stage building that forms a back wall in the orchestra area and it was found that, from the analysis of the acoustical parameters, the reverberation time (e.g. 1.7 s at middle frequencies in the theatre of Aspendos) is quite long compared not only with other open space theatres but also with closed spaces. Contrary to modern halls the clarity is high and this fact, together with a low sound level in most of the seats, gives the sound field a unique character. 1 INTRODUCTION The Greek and Roman theatres are among the most precious and spectacular items of cultural heritage in the Mediterranean countries. The theatres are famous not only for their impressive architecture, but also for the acoustic qualities. Within the ERATO Project, one of the Working Packages of the Acoustics Group of the Engineering Department in Ferrara University were the acoustical measurements in the Theatre of Aspendos, in Turkey, and the theatre of Jerash, in Jordan, to study the sound field of Roman theatres. The impulse responses measured in the two theatres have been used to calculate the acoustical parameters and for the auralization of ancient music and speech, recorded in an anechoic environment on reconstructed musical instruments. 2 THEATRES ARCHITECTURE One of the main distinguishing differences between the Greek theatres and the Roman ones is the presence, in these last, of a great stage building, usually linked to the lateral part of the cavea. Moreover, in some of the Roman theatres there is a covered gallery, supported by columns, in the upper part of the cavea. The choice to analyze the two theatre proposed in this paper is mainly due to the good state of conservation of both of them. For this reason it was possible to acquire an “acoustical picture” very close to the original sound field. 2.1 The Aspendos Theatre The Roman theatre of Aspendos is located in the south of Turkey. It remains almost integer nowadays, in fact it is one of the few ancient theatres that still has a columned gallery surrounding the upper part of the cavea. Moreover, although it had lost the columns and statues which decorated the skene, the stage wall remains today as high as it was in the past. 27
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6 CHARTERS and the USE of ANCIENT P
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7. Interpretation and presentation
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References [1] ICOMOS - Internation
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The measurements performed by UNIFE
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1.3 Assessment of acoustic preferen
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Multiple Regression « Speech » R2
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References 1] Barron, M: 2004 The c
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YTU Theatre Club “Male Group Acto
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