ERATO Proceedings Istanbul 2006.pdf - Odeon

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3 MODERN USE: CURRENT USE Use means the functions of a place, as well as the activities and practices that may occur at the place [3] (article 1.10). The most important issue in the modern use of ancient theaters and Odea is how to create the sense of space of the theatre, where the acoustical reflections and the visual imagery are important components in creating a sense of their space (all auditoria rely on both visual and acoustic stimulation). In the ancient theatres and Odea we are dealing with Greek, Hellenistic and Roman places with Cultural significance. In modern use, the designer has to remain continually aware of the relation he is creating between performer and audience, striving to make it as intimate as possible. 3.1 Kinds of Contemporary Use of Ancient Theaters and Odea 1. The regular use of ancient theatres by navigating through the site with a guide helping to interpret the historic site and value. 2. Festivals: as examples, Athens festival and Epidaurus festival (Fig. 1.1, 1.2). Athens Festival from1955, in Herodes Atticus Auditorium which restored and used for artistic events. The festival duration is from May to September. 1 2 Figure 1.1 Athens festival: Herodes Atticus Auditorium 2. Epidaurus festival Epidaurus Festival, half a century old, festival duration is from June to August. In 1938, as managing director Dimitris Rondiris of the Greek National Theatre, he presented Sophocles' Electra in broad daylight. The success of that experiment gave the green light to the Archaeological Council to move on with the restoration of the theatre. The wise archaeologist had expressed the hope that his discovery would not become just another archaeological site. This is why he left a provision in his will that the inhabitants of the village of Ligourio, who had done the actual digging that brought to light the stonework of the terraces with pickaxes and their bare hands, should be allowed to attend the performances free of charge. For decades, those very villagers were the first critics .This is a good example of the participation of the local community. Jerash festival in Jordan is an international festival which was launched in 1981. The festivities are held at various sites in the extensive ruins of ancient Jerash, including the two Roman theatres (Fig. 2.1). 1 2 Figure 2.1 Jerash festival in Jordan 2. Orange theatre in France 74
3. Conferences and Receptions: Orange theatre in France. The modern use for orange theatre includes a Classic orchestra for Conferences issues and Receptions. This great Roman theatre provides a spectacular setting for the most glamorous receptions (Fig. 2.2) 4. Another approach dealing with ancient theatres in the digital age is virtual life for ancient theatres.The use of virtual reality and 3d modeling and animation is important to interpret the ancient theatres and its use in ancient times as a tool to support the relation between the public and the monument. Thus Ancient Theatres and Odea are still serving –in some cases- the purpose for which they were designed (Performance). 4 CONDITION of the THEATERS and ODEA SITES Since every ancient theatre has his own conditions that differ from other theatre and since the use of these ancient theatres are not separated from the whole ancient/modern context that lies within, it is important to clarify that Modern use of these structures is altogether something different from Ancient Use .When festivals occurred in the theater in a major city of the size of ancient Athens, the city became the center of attention, and all normal civic activity came to a halt because the major portion of the free population attended the theatre events. Now ancient places of performance are a vulnerable resource threatened by the erosion of time and the improper uses, to which they are sometimes put. 4.1 Causes of Deteriorations and Threats in Ancient Theatres and Odea Except the natural threats (wind, orientation, temperature, rain, air pollution), we have the human threats which can summarize as the following: 1. The improper modern uses of ancient theaters and Odea: - The overloaded capacity: especially when they used for festivals. - Lighting system especially when it is used at night. What is important her is the lighting system not harm the materials that is used in the ancient theaters and environmentally safe. -Noise pollution: especially of the Modern sound equipment and the position of loudspeakers, amplifiers that used for can harm the ancient materials of the monument.. - Air pollution: especially of the theaters and Odea that exists in an urban context. 2. The growth of uncontrolled tourism and the lack of management for the accessibility and protection of sites with ancient theatres and odea. 3. Economic problem which can be seen in the maintenance and public service in the sites with ancient theatres and odea. 4. The lack of cultural education and public awareness about ancient theatres and odea. 5. The lack of archaeological and historic research of the ancient theatres and odea. 6. The absence of a conservation plan, the lack of maintenance and bad application of conservation principle and the lack of skilful people. 7. The lack of a scientific approach and mythology in diagnosis and conservation of the stone. 8. The lack of the environmental conditions survey (temperature variations, air pollutants levels, salinity of soil, wind etc.). 9. Absence of legislation which protects the historic ancient theatres and odea, and of special technical regulation. 75
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THE ERATO PROJECT AND ITS CONTRIBUT
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3 ROOM ACOUSTICAL PARAMETERS The fo
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VITRUVIUS AND ANCIENT THEATRES: ANA
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VIRTUAL REALITY AND ARCHITECTURAL C
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