Seismic Design of Tunnels - Parsons Brinckerhoff

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Tunnels, Report No. UMTA-MA-06-0100-83-1 and 2, prepared for U.S. DOT, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Vols. 1 and 2, 1983. Peck, R. B., Hendron, A. J., and Mohraz, B., “State of the Art of Soft Ground Tunnelling”, Proceedings of the Rapid Excavation and Tunnelling Conference, Chicago, IL., Vol. 1, 1972. “Preliminary Seismic Design Guidelines for Pier 300 Container Wharf and Retaining Structures,” Port of Los Angeles, 1991. Richardson, A., and Blejwas T. E., “Seismic Design of Circular-Section Concrete-Lined Underground Openings — Preclosure Performance Considerations for the Yucca Mountain Site,” ASCE Symposium on Dynamic Analysis and Design Considerations for High-Level Nuclear Waste Repositories, 1992. Richardson, A., St. John, C.M., and Schmidt, B., “A Proposed Concrete Shaft Liner Design Method for an Underground Nuclear Waste Repository,” Proceedings of the Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, Pasadena, 1989. Rowe, R., “Tunnelling in Seismic Zones,” Tunnels & Tunnelling, December 1992. Sakurai, A., and Takahashi, T., “Dynamic Stresses of Underground Pipeline during Earthquakes,” Proceedings of the 4th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 1969. Schnabel, P. B., Lysmer J., and Seed, B. H., “SHAKE — A Computer Program for Earthquake Response Analysis of Horizontally Layered Sites,” EERC Report No. 72-12, Berkeley, Univ. of California, 1972. Schmidt, B., and Richardson, A. M., “Seismic Design of Shaft Linings,” ASME Symposium on Recent Development on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, Honolulu, July 1989. Schwartz, C. W., and Einstein H. H., Improved Design of Tunnel Supports: Volume 1 — Simplified Analysis for Ground-Structure Interaction in Tunneling, Report No. UMTA-MA- 06-0100-80-4, Prepared for U.S. DOT, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, 1980. Seed, B. H., and Idriss, I. M., “Soil Moduli and Damping Factors for Dynamic Response Analysis,” EERC Report No. 70-10, 1970. Seed, B. H., and Whitman, R. V., “Design of Earth Retaining Structures for Dynamic Loads,” ASCE Specialty Conference on Lateral Stresses in the Ground and Design of Earth Retaining Structures, 1970. 146
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1991 William Barclay Parsons Fellow
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CONTENTS Foreword ix 1.0 Introducti
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Mononobe-Okabe Method 87 Wood Metho
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Figure Title Page 20 Typical Free-F
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LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 1 F
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FOREWORD For more than a century, P
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1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
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1.2 Scope of this Study The work pe
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Figure 1. Ground Response to Seismi
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Ground Failure Ground failure broad
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- Formation of plastic hinges at th
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• The effects of overburden depth
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2.0 SEISMIC DESIGN PHILOSOPHY FOR T
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2.3 Seismic Design Philosophies for
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2.4 Proposed Seismic Design Philoso
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expressed in terms of internal mome
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Comments on Loading Combinations fo
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3.0 RUNNING LINE TUNNEL DESIGN 3.1
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Ovaling or Racking Deformations The
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3.3 Free-Field Axial and Curvature
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Simplified Equations for Axial Stra
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3.4 Design Conforming to Free-Field
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Applicability of the Free-Field Def
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Figure 6. Sectional Forces Due to C
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- In the JSCE (Japanese Society of
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Design Example 2: A Linear Tunnel i
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5. Derive the ground displacement a
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10. Calculate the allowable shear s
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It is believed that the only transp
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Based on Equations 3-7 and 3-8, the
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4.0 OVALING EFFECT ON CIRCULAR TUNN
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Figure 7. Free-Field Shear Distorti
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Figure 8. Free-Field Shear Distorti
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R = radius of the tunnel lining t =
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Lining Properties Soil Properties R
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The expressions of these lining res
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Figure 11. Lining Response Coeffici
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Thrust Response Coefficient, K 2 Fi
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Thrust Response Coefficient, K 2 Fi
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Figure 15. Normalized Lining Deflec
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Figure 17. Finite Difference Mesh (
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Table 2. Cases Analyzed by Finite D
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maximum bending moment than the no-
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Table 3. Influence of Interface Con
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5.0 RACKING EFFECT ON RECTANGULAR T
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Third, typically soil is backfilled
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thrust that is approximately 1.5 to
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San Francisco BART In his pioneerin
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general, flexibility can be achieve
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• 254 ft/sec for case I • 415 f
Page 108 and 109: locations of roof and invert are ap
Page 110 and 111: Figure 25. Structure Deformations v
Page 112 and 113: Factors Contributing to the Soil-St
Page 114 and 115: As Figures 28A and 28B show, earthq
Page 116 and 117: Figure 28A. West Coast Earthquake A
Page 118 and 119: Figure 29. Design Response Spectra
Page 120 and 121: Figure 31. Relative Stiffness Betwe
Page 122 and 123: developed for a one-barrel frame wi
Page 124 and 125: • For flexibility ratios less tha
Page 126 and 127: where g s = angular distortion of t
Page 128 and 129: Structure Deformation Free-Field De
Page 130 and 131: Because the Poisson’s Ratios of t
Page 132 and 133: Table 5. Cases Analyzed to Study th
Page 134 and 135: In comparison with the results show
Page 136 and 137: Structure Deformation Free-Field De
Page 138 and 139: • Pseudo-Concentrated Force Model
Page 140 and 141: deformations result. Section 2.4 in
Page 142 and 143: Figure 40. Moments at Invert-Wall C
Page 144 and 145: Figure 42. Moments at Invert-Wall C
Page 146 and 147: Table 7. Seismic Racking Design App
Page 148 and 149: 136
Page 150 and 151: • The more frequently occurring e
Page 152 and 153: Use of this method will lead to a c
Page 154 and 155: 142
Page 156 and 157: Duddeck, H. and Erdman, J., “Stru
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