Seismic Design of Tunnels - Parsons Brinckerhoff

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Figure Title Page 36 Effect of Embedment Depth on Racking Response Coefficient, R 121 37 Normalized Structure Deflections 124 38 Simplified Frame Analysis Models 127 39 Moments at Roof-Wall Connections Concentrated Force Model (for Cases 1 through 5) 129 40 Moments at Invert-Wall Connections Concentrated Force Model (for Cases 1 through 5) 130 41 Moments at Roof-Wall Connections Triangular Pressure Distribution Model (for Cases 1 through 5) 131 42 Moments at Invert-Wall Connections Triangular Pressure Distribution Model (for Cases 1 through 5) 132 vi
LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 1 Free-Field Ground Strains 34 2 Cases Analyzed by Finite Difference Modeling 77 3 Influence of Interface Conditions on Thrust 81 4 Cases Analyzed by Dynamic Finite Element Modeling 113 5 Cases Analyzed to Study the Effect of Burial Depth 120 6 Cases Analyzed to Study the Effect of Stiff Foundation 123 7 Seismic Racking Design Approaches 134 vii
Page 1 and 2: 1991 William Barclay Parsons Fellow
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Foreword ix 1.0 Introducti
Page 5 and 6: Mononobe-Okabe Method 87 Wood Metho
Page 7: Figure Title Page 20 Typical Free-F
Page 11 and 12: FOREWORD For more than a century, P
Page 13: 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
Page 16 and 17: 1.2 Scope of this Study The work pe
Page 18 and 19: Figure 1. Ground Response to Seismi
Page 20 and 21: Ground Failure Ground failure broad
Page 22 and 23: - Formation of plastic hinges at th
Page 24 and 25: • The effects of overburden depth
Page 27 and 28: 2.0 SEISMIC DESIGN PHILOSOPHY FOR T
Page 29 and 30: 2.3 Seismic Design Philosophies for
Page 31 and 32: 2.4 Proposed Seismic Design Philoso
Page 33 and 34: expressed in terms of internal mome
Page 35: Comments on Loading Combinations fo
Page 39 and 40: 3.0 RUNNING LINE TUNNEL DESIGN 3.1
Page 41 and 42: Ovaling or Racking Deformations The
Page 43 and 44: 3.3 Free-Field Axial and Curvature
Page 45 and 46: Simplified Equations for Axial Stra
Page 47 and 48: 3.4 Design Conforming to Free-Field
Page 49 and 50: Applicability of the Free-Field Def
Page 51 and 52: Figure 6. Sectional Forces Due to C
Page 53 and 54: - In the JSCE (Japanese Society of
Page 55 and 56: Design Example 2: A Linear Tunnel i
Page 57 and 58: 5. Derive the ground displacement a
Page 59 and 60:
10. Calculate the allowable shear s
Page 61 and 62:
It is believed that the only transp
Page 63:
Based on Equations 3-7 and 3-8, the
Page 67 and 68:
4.0 OVALING EFFECT ON CIRCULAR TUNN
Page 69 and 70:
Figure 7. Free-Field Shear Distorti
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Figure 8. Free-Field Shear Distorti
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R = radius of the tunnel lining t =
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Lining Properties Soil Properties R
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The expressions of these lining res
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Figure 11. Lining Response Coeffici
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Thrust Response Coefficient, K 2 Fi
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Thrust Response Coefficient, K 2 Fi
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Figure 15. Normalized Lining Deflec
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Figure 17. Finite Difference Mesh (
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Table 2. Cases Analyzed by Finite D
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maximum bending moment than the no-
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Table 3. Influence of Interface Con
Page 95:
5.0 RACKING EFFECT ON RECTANGULAR T
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Third, typically soil is backfilled
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thrust that is approximately 1.5 to
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San Francisco BART In his pioneerin
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general, flexibility can be achieve
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• 254 ft/sec for case I • 415 f
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locations of roof and invert are ap
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Figure 25. Structure Deformations v
Page 112 and 113:
Factors Contributing to the Soil-St
Page 114 and 115:
As Figures 28A and 28B show, earthq
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Figure 28A. West Coast Earthquake A
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Figure 29. Design Response Spectra
Page 120 and 121:
Figure 31. Relative Stiffness Betwe
Page 122 and 123:
developed for a one-barrel frame wi
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• For flexibility ratios less tha
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where g s = angular distortion of t
Page 128 and 129:
Structure Deformation Free-Field De
Page 130 and 131:
Because the Poisson’s Ratios of t
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Table 5. Cases Analyzed to Study th
Page 134 and 135:
In comparison with the results show
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Structure Deformation Free-Field De
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• Pseudo-Concentrated Force Model
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deformations result. Section 2.4 in
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Figure 40. Moments at Invert-Wall C
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Figure 42. Moments at Invert-Wall C
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Table 7. Seismic Racking Design App
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136
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• The more frequently occurring e
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Use of this method will lead to a c
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142
Page 156 and 157:
Duddeck, H. and Erdman, J., “Stru
Page 158 and 159:
Tunnels, Report No. UMTA-MA-06-0100
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Seismic Design of Tunnels - Parsons Brinckerhoff

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