TABLE OF CONTENTS - Everything R744

FAST FOOD RESTAURANTS & COMMERCIAL
KITCHENS: DRINK DISPENSERS, ICE MAKERS,
& MEAT FREEZERS
HC/CO 2
: In Europe, McDonalds is driving the use of natural
refrigerants in point-of-sale appliances. In 2003, the
franchising group opened the first "HFC-free restaurant"
in Vejle, Denmark. Since then, McDonald’s has developed
natural refrigerant alternatives for eight pieces of
refrigeration equipment, including: juice dispensers, ice
cube machines, salad coolers, and meat/wall freezers.
While hydrocarbon refrigerants were applied to smaller
refrigeration applications, CO 2
was used in space heating
and cooling, as well as in the refrigeration rooms. As
of mid 2012, the company had already implemented
1,495 HFC-free meat freezers, 845 frozen fry dispensers,
and 1025 reach-ins and salad displays. In addition, one
Japanese and one French restaurant have each installed
a CO 2
heat pump.
In the UK and Ireland, Subway has introduced energy
efficient equipment across a number of stores, including
equipment using hydrocarbons as the working fluid,
which saves up to 13% more energy than existing
products.
Also available in Europe for the hospitality industry are
water coolers, ice flake machines, and under counter bar
bottle coolers, refrigerated with hydrocarbons.
City & buildings
RESIDENTIAL HOUSING: REFRIGERATORS, HOT
WATER & AIR-CONDITIONING
HC: Globally, more than 650 million hydrocarbon
refrigerators have been sold, by major manufacturers
such as Whirlpool, Haier and Sanyo. Since 1993 when
the first Greenfreeze refrigerator debuted in Germany,
hydrocarbon refrigerators have been sold in Europe,
Japan, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, South America,
Cuba and parts of Africa.
Each year around 100 million household refrigerators
and freezers are produced in the world, with hydrocarbon
refrigerators and freezers representing between 35%
and 40% of the total market share. In some countries,
R600a (isobutane) and R290 (propane) are widely used
in home appliances. Fire-safety measures for technicians
are well established.
Australian, Chinese, European, and Indian companies
are also producing a variety of hydrocarbon-based split
and portable air-conditioners. Overall, HC low charge
packaged solutions (less than 1 kg) are expected to see
an increase in use, rising from a market share of below
1% today.
CO 2
: In the water and space-heating sector in Japan, CO 2
heat pump technology has a high market penetration
and has witnessed strong development in Europe and
some countries in Asia. In Japan, where the technology
was introduced with the name “Eco Cute” in 2001, the
market share of CO 2
heat pumps in the residential hot
water heater segment is as high as 98%. In China, the
potential production capacity of CO 2
heat pumps has
reached 100,000 units.
In addition, Norway and Austria, under the IEA Heat
Pump Program’s collaborative project on “Economical
Heating and Cooling Systems for Low Energy Houses”,
witnessed the development and testing of brine-towater
CO 2
heat pump prototypes for domestic hot wateronly
operation and for combined space heating and hot
water production. Both projects delivered promising
results with high COP values.
PUBLIC & COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS:
AIRPORTS, HOSPITALS, UNIVERSITIES,
GOVERNMENT AND HISTORIC BUILDINGS,
HOTELS, AND SHOPPING MALLS
CO 2
: Hot water heat pumps using CO 2
are widely used
in public buildings in Japan, where for example a
commercial size Eco Cute, installed in ASA hospital in
Hiroshima, provides 60% of the hot water demand.
In South-West Japan a business hotel in Tottori uses a
commercial CO 2
heat pump water heater. In Ireland and
the UK the Cúil Dídin Nursing Care Facility and Beechdale
Manor Care Home both use CO 2
heat pumps to satisfy all
their hot water needs. O’Donovan’s Hotel in Ireland also
invested in a CO 2
heat pump water heater after seeking
an efficient and renewable alternative to its hybrid solaroil
fired boiler system.
NH 3
: Large ammonia chillers, which increase high
efficiencies and reduce energy consumption, are now
safely used in heating and cooling applications in
densely populated areas across the world. For example,
the Roche UK headquarters installed two ammonia
chillers and three hydrocarbon chillers to provide office
air conditioning and to cool the computer server room
cooling. Terminal 5 at London Heathrow Airport uses
a central ammonia chilling plant to provide comfort
heating and cooling for passengers and workers. The
energy center at the London Olympic Park features
ammonia chillers as part of the low carbon heating
and cooling system. On the other side of the world,
New Zealand’s Christchurch airport employs ammonia
chillers to cool a freight hub, allowing temporary storage
of shipments. Ammonia chillers are also used in London
Homerton Hospital in Hackney, the world-famous UK
children’s hospital Great Ormond St, and the University
Hospital in Akerhus, Norway, where chillers cater to the
cooling needs of the operating theater and maternity
and intensive care units. Middlesex University uses an
ammonia slurry ice thermal storage system to provide
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